PATHOLOGY - Post Mortem

Question 1

How do you describe a lesion?

Answer 1

Organ
Location
Distribution
Shape
Size
Colour
Texture/consistency
Cut surface

Question 2

Which descriptive terms can you use to describe the distribution of a lesion?

Answer 2

Focal
Multifocal
Multifocal to coalescing
Diffuse

Question 3

Which descriptive terms can you use to describe the shape of a lesion?

Answer 3

Stipples
Nodules
Plaque-like
Exophytic
Umbilicated

Question 4

Which descriptive terms can you use to describe the texture/consistency of a lesion?

Answer 4

Soft
Firm
Hard
Gritty

Question 5

Which pneumonic can be used to interpret a lesion?

Answer 5

Vascular
Inflammatory (infectious/immune-mediated)
Trauma
Anomaly (congenital)
Metabolic, Toxic
Idiopathic
Neoplastic
Degenerative

Question 6

Identify this ovine lung pathology

Answer 6

Enzootic pneumonia

Question 7

What is a common cause of ovine enzootic pneumonia?

Answer 7

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae

Question 8

Identify this ovine lung pathology

Answer 8

Fibrinous pneumonia

Question 9

Identify this ovine lung pathology

Answer 9

Ovine pulomary adenocarcinoma

Question 10

What causes ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?

Answer 10

Jaaksiekte sheep retrovirus

Question 11

What is also commonly seen on post portem of a sheep which ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?

Answer 11

Flothy fluid in the airways

Question 12

Identify this ovine lung pathology

Answer 12

Muellerius capillaris parasitic pneumonia. It has a typical ‘lead shot’ appearance

Question 13

Identify this ovine lung pathology

Answer 13

Non-immune stage of muellerius capillaris parasitic pneumonia

Question 14

What is the non-immune stage of muellerius capillaris?

Answer 14

The non-immune stage of Muellerius capillaris refers to the early phase of infection when the host’s immune system has not yet responded to the parasite, allowing the larvae and adult worms to migrate and potentially cause damage to the lung tissues of the small ruminant

Question 15

Identify this ovine lung pathology

Answer 15

Dictyocaulus filaria

Question 16

Identify this ovine lung pathology

Answer 16

Pulmonary abscess

Question 17

Identify this ovine lung pathology

Answer 17

Hydatidosis

Question 18

What is hydatidosis?

Answer 18

Hydatidosis is caused by the formation of hydatid cysts by the cestode echinococcus granulosis granulosus in the tissues of their intermediate host (sheep)

Question 19

Identify this ovine lung pathology

Answer 19

Caseous lymphadenitis

Question 20

What is caseous lymphadenitis?

Answer 20

Caseous lymphadentitis is a corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection seen in small ruminants, resulting in abscessation of the lymph nodes and internal organs

Question 21

What should you do if you suspect caseous lymphadenitis on post mortem examination of the lungs?

Answer 21

If you suspect caseous lymphadenitis, you should assess the other lymph nodes in the body for evidence of pathology

Question 22

Identify this ovine pathology

Answer 22

Cysticercosis

Question 23

What is cysticercosis?

Answer 23

Cysticercosis is caused by the formation of cysticercus ovis cysts by the taenia ovine granulosus in the muscle of their intermediate host (sheep)

Question 24

Which other tissues should you assess if you suspect cysticercus ovis?

Answer 24

Diaphragm
Skeletal muscle

Question 25

What is blood splashing?

Answer 25

Blood splashing is a term used to describe the ecchymotic and petechial haemorrhages seen in post mortem speciments due to the sudden blood pressure change which occurs in electrical stunning and bleeding of carcasses

Question 26

Which organs typically present with blood splashing on post mortem?

Answer 26

Heart Lungs Occasionally skeletal muscle *(more common in pigs)*

Question 27

Identify this ovine pathology

Answer 27

Pericarditis

Question 28

Identify this ovine liver pathology

Answer 28

Migrating fasciola hepatica

Question 29

What are the key features of migrating fasciola hepatica on post mortem?

Answer 29

Hepatomegaly Multiple haemorrhagic tracts Multiple fibrous tracts Fibrin Lymphadenomegaly of the hepatic lymph nodes

Question 30

Identify this ovine liver pathology

Answer 30

Mature fasciola hepatica

Question 31

What are the key features of mature fasciola hepatic on post mortem?

Answer 31

Prominent, dilated bike ducts containg adult fluke Fibrotic tracts Lymphadenomegaly of the hepatic lymph nodes

Question 32

Identify this ovine liver pathology

Answer 32

Migratory cysticercus taenuicollis. Form characteristic 'serpentine, tortuous tracts'

Question 33

Identify this ovine liver pathology

Answer 33

Cysticercus taenuicollis. Forms a characteristic 'bladder-like cyst'

Question 34

Identify this ovine intestinal pathology

Answer 34

Johnes disease

Question 35

Which pathogen causes Johne's disease?

Answer 35

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis