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MODULE 15 - Cardiorespiratory and Haematopoietic Disease > PATHOLOGY - Respiratory Disease in Cat Shelters > Flashcards

PATHOLOGY - Respiratory Disease in Cat Shelters Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two most common pathogens that cause cat flu?

A

Feline herpes virus (FHV)
Feline calici virus (FCV)

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2
Q

Which three additional pathogens cause cat flu?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica
Chlamydophilia felis
Mycoplasma felis

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3
Q

What is the incubation period?

A

Incubation period is the time between exposure to a pathogen and the beginning of clinical presentation

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4
Q

What is the incubation period for feline herpes virus (FHV)?

A

Feline herpes virus (FHV) has a incubation period of one week

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5
Q

How does feline herpes virus (FHV) shed?

A

Feline herpes virus (FHV) sheds in the oral, nasal and ocular secretions

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6
Q

How long does feline herpes virus (FHV) shed for?

A

Feline herpes virus (FHV) sheds for 1 to 3 weeks and this begins before clinical signs are apparent

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7
Q

What are the clinical signs of feline herpes virus (FHV)?

A

Bilateral, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge
Sneezing
Ocular discharge
Ocular ulceration
Facial dermatitis
Rhinitis
Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Stomatitis

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8
Q

(T/F) Kittens experience more severe clinical signs of feline herpes virus (FHV)?

A

TRUE.

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9
Q

What are some of the clinical signs of feline herpes virus (FHV) that can be seen in kittens?

A

Pneumonia
Severe corneal involvement

Kittens can even present with anophthalmus (missing eyes)

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10
Q

What can feline herpes virus (FHV) cause chronically?

A

Chronic rhinitis
Chronic keratitis

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11
Q

How does feline herpes virus (FHV) act as a latent infection?

A

Feline herpes virus (FHV) establishes latency in the trigeminal ganglia and will be reactivated when the host is immuno-suppressed

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12
Q

What should you screen for if cats present with feline herpes virus (FHV)?

A

You should screen for FIP and FeLV in cats with feline herpes virus (FHV) as FIP and FeLV cause immunosuppression which can reactivate a latent feline herpes virus (FHV)

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13
Q

What is the incubation period for feline calici virus (FCV)?

A

Feline calici virus (FCV) has an incubation period of one week

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14
Q

How does feline calici virus (FCV) shed?

A

Feline calici virus (FCV) sheds in the oral, nasal and ocular secretions

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15
Q

How long does feline calici virus (FCV) shed for?

A

Feline calici virus (FCV) sheds for up to 11 weeks however some cats can become persistently infected and shed the virus for their lifetime

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of feline calici virus (FCV)?

A

Bilateral, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge
Sneezing
Ocular discharge
Ocular ulceration
Oral ulceration
Hypersalivation
Rhinitis
Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Stomatitis

FCV is more likely to cause stomatitis tham FHV

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17
Q

(T/F) Kittens experience more severe clinical signs of feline calici virus (FCV)?

A

TRUE.

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18
Q

What are some of the clinical signs of feline calici virus (FCV) that can be seen in kittens?

A

Pneumonia
Limping syndrome

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19
Q

What is the incubation period for bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica has an incubation period of one week

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20
Q

How long does bordetella bronchiseptica shed for?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica sheds for up to 3 months

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21
Q

What are the clinical signs of bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

Nasal discharge
Ocular discharge
Coughing
Sneezing

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22
Q

(T/F) Kittens experience less severe clinical signs of bordetella bronchiseptica

A

FALSE. Kitten suffer more severe clinical signs of bordetella bronchiseptica

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23
Q

What can bordetella bronchiseptica cause in kittens?

24
Q

Which breeds of cat are more severely affected by bordetella bronchiseptica?

Study These Flashcards
A

Brachycephalic cats

25
What is often indicated by bordetella bronchiseptica infection?
Bordetella bronchiseptica infection often indicates poor husbandry and ventilation
26
How do you treat bordetella bronchiseptica?
Treat with a four week course of doxycycline
27
Is there a vaccination available for bordetella bronchiseptica?
Yes, there is an intranasal vaccination available for bordetella bronchiseptica
28
What is the incubation period for chlamydophilia felis?
Chlamydophilia felis has an incubation period of one week
29
How long does chlamydophilia felis shed for?
Chlamydophilia felis can shed for up to 2 months
30
What are the clinical signs of chlamydophilia felis?
Conjunctivitis Chemosis Blepharospasm | Chlamydophilia felis mostly causes ocular signs
31
What is chemosis?
Chemosis is conjunctival swelling
32
What is blepharospasm?
Blepharospasm is involuntary tight closure of the eyelids
33
What is often indicated by chlamydophilia felis infection?
Chlamydophilia felis infection often indicated poor husbandry and ventilation
34
How do you treat chlamydophilia felis?
Treat with a four week course of doxycycline
35
(T/F) There is not a vaccination available for chlamydophilia felis
FALSE. There is a vaccination for chlamydophilia felis however it is not very effective
36
What is the incubation period for mycoplasma felis?
Mycoplasma felis has an incubation period of up to one week
37
(T/F) Mycoplasma felis is considered to be a primary infection
FALSE. Mycoplasma felis is classfied as a secondary infection as it is a commensal bacteria which can cause infection when the host is immunosuppressed
38
How do you treat mycoplasma felis?
Treat with a three week course of Azithromycin
39
What is important to note when using azithromycin to treat mycoplasma felis infections?
Azithromycin is a human medication and thus has to be prescribed under the cascade
40
(T/F) There is no vaccination available for mycoplasma felis
TRUE.
41
Which factors increase susceptibility to cat flu?
Age Immune status Breed Poor environment and management
42
Which factors increase the risk of cat flu due to their immune status?
Kittens Unvaccinated adults Parasitism Poor nutrition Co-infection Concurrent disease Stress
43
Which breeds of cat are more susceptible/experience more severe clinical signs of cat flu?
Brachycephalic cats Oriental cats
44
Which four factors allow for more successful management of cat flu within cat shelters?
Prevention Isolation Diagnosis Cleaning/disinfection
45
What can be done to prevent cat flu in shelters?
Vaccination Early adoption
46
What is the vaccination protocol for kittens in cat shelters?
Vaccinate kittens against feline herpes (FHV) and feline calici viruses (FCV) from 4 weeks old and repeat these vaccinations every two weeks whilst the kittens are in the shelter
47
When should you vaccinate kittens against bordetella bronchiseptica?
You should vaccinate kittens agaisnt bordetella bronchiseptica when there have been known outbreaks within the shelter, other than that it is not considered a core vaccination
48
What is the vaccination protocol for adults cats in cat shelters?
Adult cats should be vaccinated against feline herpes (FHV) and feline calici virus (FCV) on entry to the shelter without delay
49
How can early adoption be used to prevent cat flu in shelters?
The biggest key risk factor for a cat contracting cat flu is their length of time in the shelter and the stress they experience while they are there, adoption both reduces their time in the shelter and stress
50
What is the optimal number of cats per unit to control cat flu within shelters?
Less than 10 cats per unit is optimal
51
Which cats should be isolated to minimise the spread of cat flu within shelters?
New cats Sick cats Asymptomatic but exposed cats Vunerable cats
52
What is the ideal isolation setup?
Ideally an enclosed room with covers over the cage fronts to reduce infectious spread and to minimise stress
53
What can be done to diagnose the infectious agent causing cat flu?
PCR of conjunctival and pharyngeal swabs
54
Why is diagnosis not often done in cat shelters?
Diagnosis is not often done as PCR is very expensive
55
Which disinfectants are effective against most causes of cat flu?
Quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants | E.g. Anigene ## Footnote Be aware doesn't always work against Feline Calici Virus (FCV)
56
What should be cleaned/disinfected to minimise the spread of cat flu?
Disinfect all fomites as well as kennels, items such as blankets must be washed and the washing machine disinfected. Anything that cannot be disinfected should be discarded
57
How do you manage patients with cat flu?
Supportive care (cleaning eyes and nose, fluids, nutrition, appetite stimulants, hydration, analgesia)

MODULE 15 - Cardiorespiratory and Haematopoietic Disease (21 decks)

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