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ABD URR > Pathology: Scrotum, Thyroid, Vascular > Flashcards

Pathology: Scrotum, Thyroid, Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

A patient presents with a fever, fatigue, hoarseness, and a painful thyroid on clinical examination. The lab test results indicate low levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and high levels of T3 and T4. These findings are most suggestive of

A

de quervain thyroiditis

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2
Q

Serpiginous vessels are identified on the examinations of patients with

A

portal HTN or testicular varicoceles

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3
Q

According to the DeBakey Classification system, what type of aortic dissection is most commonly associated with marfan syndrome

A

type 2

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4
Q

A vein in the pampiniform plexus is considered abnormally dilated when the diameter exceeds

A

2mm

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5
Q

What doppler findings are most suggestive of partial testicular torsion

A

asymmetric resistive indices on the intratesticular doppler evaluations

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6
Q

The most common secondary malignancy of the testicles is

A

lymphoma

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7
Q

Leydig cell tumors of the testicle will demonstrate high serum levels of ________ which can lead to _______

A

testosterone, precocious puberty

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8
Q

What is the best way to differentiate an undescended testicle from other inguinal masses

A

identify the mediastinum testis

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9
Q

What best describes the doppler tracing found in the stalk of a pseudoaneurysm

A

high resistance to and fro flow

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10
Q

The most common cause of acute scrotal pain in postpubertal men is

A

acute epididymitis

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11
Q

The most common location of ectopic thyroid tissue formation outside the neck is in the

A

chest

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12
Q

The most common extra-testicular neoplasm is

A

adenomatoid tumor

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13
Q

What is most suggestive of ormond disease

A

pedal edema and scrotal swelling

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14
Q

Patients with ______ have a significantly increased risk of developing a seminoma

A

cryptorchidism

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15
Q

A hypoechoic thyroid mass with microcalcifications, hypervascularity and no halo sign is most consistent with

A

papillary carcinoma

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16
Q

What correctly describes how to aid in differentiation of a thyroid adenoma in the lower pole from a parathyroid adenoma

A

thyroid adenomas are hypovascular and parathyroid adenomas are hypervascular

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17
Q

What has the highest risk of developing thyroid cancer

A

hashimoto thyroiditis

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18
Q

A patient presents with a history of a 5mm leydig cell tumor identified on an exam 6 months ago. What is a common complication of this type of neoplasm

A

gynecomastia

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19
Q

A small, hypoechoic testicular mass with a large calcification in a patient with gynecomastia is most likely a

A

sertoli cell tumor

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20
Q

What vessels are a common source for a type 2 endoleak

A

inferior mesenteric artery and lumbar arteries

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21
Q

Median arcuate ligament syndrome involves compression of which vessel during respiration

A

celiac axis

22
Q

What is associated with an increased risk of thyroid malignancy

A

psammoma bodies and intranodular flow patterns

23
Q

Gonadal stromal tumors should be suspected in a patient with a painless testicular mass and

A

gynecomastia

24
Q

A benign thyroid adenoma is associated with ________ calcifications, while malignant adenomas are associated with _____ calcifications

A

eggshell, punctate

25
Q

Presence and pattern of calcification of a thyroid adenoma - benign or malignant?

peripheral or eggshell-
thickened or interrupted peripheral-
large and coarse-
fine and punctate-

A

benign
malignant
benign
malignant

26
Q

What best describes the doppler tracing found within the body of a pseudoaneurysm

A

low resistance to and fro flow

27
Q

The halo sign is a sonographic characteristic of what thyroid abnormality

A

adenoma

28
Q

A patient presents with a small, palpable extratesticular mass on the left side. The US exam demonstrates a mobile, hyperechoic mass with posterior shadowing. What best describes this finding

A

scrotal pearl

29
Q

A solid nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid that measures 2cm AP and 1cm width is most suggestive of

A

papillary carcinoma

30
Q

Chronic moderate congestive heart failure can cause this tributary of the IVC to be visualized sonographically due to the formation of a collateral pathway

A

azygous vein

31
Q

Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common finding with

A

papillary thyroid carcinoma

32
Q

Regarding the aorta, fusiform aneurysm formation usually occurs in the ______ while dissecting aneurysms usually occur in the

A

distal abdominal aorta, aortic arch

33
Q

An abdominal US is ordered for a patient with bilateral pedal edema. The abdomen demonstrates mild ascites but otherwise normal organs. The IVC appears prominent with a constant diameter of 2.8cm. These findings are most suggestive of

A

congestive heart failure

34
Q

Zenker diverticulum can be mistaken for

A

a thyroid mass

35
Q

Retrograde flow in the common hepatic artery and splenic artery is highly suggestive of

A

celiac artery occlusion

36
Q

What testicular tumor will cause b-hCG levels to rise but AFP levels will be normal

A

choriocarcinoma

37
Q

Which type of thyroid cancer is most lethal

A

anaplastic

38
Q

When evaluating a patient with an aortic endograft, what is the minimum increase in aortic sac size that indicates a possible endoleak

A

0.6cm

39
Q

What best describes an adenomatoid tumor

A

a benign intrascrotal tumor

40
Q

When an AAA ruptures, which retroperironeal space will fill with blood first

A

perirenal

41
Q

A heterogenous, hypervascular mass with microcalcifications is identified in the left upper pole of the thyroid gland. Left side lymphadenopathy is also present. These findings are most suggestive of

A

papillary carcinoma

42
Q

What are the most common primary carcinomas to metastasize to the thyroid

A

breast and lung

43
Q

________ artery aneurysms are commonly associated with pancreatitis and peptic ulcer disease, while ______ artery aneurysms are usually caused by cystic medical necrosis

A

splenic, superior mesenteric

44
Q

A patient presents for their annual screening ultrasound after a complete thyroidectomy due to papillary carcinoma. You identify a 1cm uniformly hypoechoic mass lateral to the trachea. The mass is painful with transducer pressure and pain radiates to the head and chest. These findings are most suggestive of

A

post-traumatic neuroma

45
Q

The most common benign, solid lesion of the thyroid is

A

adenoma

46
Q

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is a common occurrence with

A

MEN syndrome

47
Q

The bell clapper deformity is a predisposing factor for testicular torsion. It is defined as

A

the tunica vaginalis completely encircles the epididymis, distal spermatic cord and testis

48
Q

A significant increase in blood supply/drainage to thyroid will be seen with thyroiditis. This can be demonstrated with _____ doppler and is called the _______ sign

A

color, inferno

49
Q

Increased thyroid volume is associated with

A

chronic renal failure

50
Q

A scrotal pearl refers to

A

a large extra-testicular calcification

ABD URR (8 decks)

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