Pathology Study Guide 1

Question 1

A disease that is caused by physicians or their treatment is known as

Answer 1

Iatrogenic

Question 2

The term used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown is

Answer 2

Idiopathic

Question 3

Infection contracted from the acute care facility

Answer 3

Nosocomial Infection

Question 4

Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells, is called

Answer 4

Neoplasia

Question 5

The Initial response of body tissues to local injury is

Answer 5

Inflammation

Question 6

A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by a vascular occlusion is an

Answer 6

Infarct

Question 7

Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as

Answer 7

Ischemia

Question 8

An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a

Answer 8

Hematoma

Question 9

New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are considered

Answer 9

Malignant

Question 10

The study of neoplasms or tumors is called

Answer 10

Oncology

Question 11

The major metastatic route of carcinomas is

Answer 11

Lymphatic Spread

Question 12

The retrovirus known to contribute to AIDS is

Answer 12

HIV

Question 13

In terms of x-ray attenuation, indicate whether the following disease is considered additive or destructive,
Osteolytic Metastasis

Answer 13

Destructive

Question 14

In terms of x-ray attenuation, indicate whether the following disease is considered additive or destructive,
Osteosclerotic metastasis

Answer 14

Additive

Question 15

In terms of x-ray attenuation, indicate whether the following disease is considered additive or destructive,
Pneumonia

Answer 15

Additive

Question 16

In terms of x-ray attenuation, indicate whether the following disease is considered additive or destructive,
Callus

Answer 16

Additive

Question 17

In terms of x-ray attenuation, indicate whether the following disease is considered additive or destructive,
Ascites

Answer 17

Additive

Question 18

In terms of x-ray attenuation, indicate whether the following disease is considered additive or destructive,
Edema

Answer 18

Additive

Question 19

In terms of x-ray attenuation, indicate whether the following disease is considered additive or destructive,
Emphysema

Answer 19

Destructive

Question 20

In terms of x-ray attenuation, indicate whether the following disease is considered additive or destructive,
Pneumothorax

Answer 20

Destructive

Question 21

In terms of x-ray attenuation, indicate whether the following disease is considered additive or destructive,
Osteoporosis

Answer 21

Destructive

Question 22

In terms of x-ray attenuation, indicate whether the following disease is considered additive or destructive,
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Brittle Bone Disease

Answer 22

Destructive

Question 23

What composition in technical factors should be made for Additive diseases?

Answer 23

Increase kVp

Question 24

What composition in technical factors should be made for Destructive diseases?

Answer 24

Decrease kVp

Question 25

For what purpose is a CXR obtained after endotracheal tube insertion?

Answer 25

To verify tube placement

Question 26

The hereditary disease process characterized by the excretion of viscous mucus blocking the air passages is know as

Answer 26

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 27

A viral infection of the subglottilc region of the trachea is know as

Answer 27

Croup

Question 28

Rod-shaped bacteria that have a waxy coast permitting existence outside the host for long periods will cause what disease process?

Answer 28

Tuberculosis

Question 29

The general term used to describe obstruction of the airways leading to ineffective exchange of respiratory gases is known as

Answer 29

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 30

Thrombi that develop in the deep venous system of the lower extremity and are trapped in the lung circulation are called

Answer 30

Pulmonary Emboli

Question 31

A condition. of diminished air within the lung associated with reduced lung volume is called

Answer 31

Atelectasis

Question 32

Air in the cavity surrounding the lung is known as

Answer 32

Pneumothorax

Question 33

What disease process manifests its earliest signs as blunting of the normal sharp angle between the diaphragm and the rib cage?

Answer 33

Pleural Effusion

Question 34

Herniation of the meninges in the lumbar of cervical region is known as

Answer 34

Meningocele

Question 35

The disease process that begins as an inflammation of the synovial membrane causing synovial proliferation is called

Answer 35

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 36

The most common form of degenerative arthritis that has osteophyte development is

Answer 36

Osteoarthritis

Question 37

The fluid-filled sacs located near the joints may become inflamed, which results in what disease process?

Answer 37

Bursitis

Question 38

A disease process usually caused by accelerated bone resorption results in

Answer 38

Osteoporosis

Question 39

Blood with an increased uric acid leading to deposits of crystals in the joints and cartilage is know as

Answer 39

Gout

Question 40

Primary malignant tumors arising from the bone marrow in long bones in children and young adults usually causing localized pain are indicative of what specific sarcoma?

Answer 40

Ewing's Sarcoma

Question 41

The classic radiographic appearance of multiple punched-out osteolytic lesions scattered throughout the skeletal system is suggestive of what type of cancer?

Answer 41

Multiple Myeloma

Question 42

Discontinuity of two or more fragments is considered a

Answer 42

Complete Fracture

Question 43

A fracture resulting from a weakness in the bone caused by a tumor or infection is know as what type of fracture?

Answer 43

Pathologic Fracture

Question 44

Suspected non accidental trauma is another name for

Answer 44

Battered Child Syndrome

Question 45

A fracture of the arch of C2 anterior to the inferior facet usually associated with anterior subluxation of C2 and C3 is known as a

Answer 45

Hangman's Fracture

Question 46

Which imaging modality is most commonly used to demonstrate rotator cuff tears?

Answer 46

MRI

Question 47

Which imaging modality is most commonly used to demonstrate tears in the meniscus of the knees?

Answer 47

MRI

Question 48

What term means heat?

Answer 48

Calor

Question 49

What term means pain?

Answer 49

Dolor

Question 50

What term means redness?

Answer 50

Rubor

Question 51

What term means swelling?

Answer 51

Tumor

Question 52

Increased size of the cells

Answer 52

Hypertrophy

Question 53

Loss of uniformity of individual cells

Answer 53

Dysplasia

Question 54

Number of cells in the tissue increases

Answer 54

Hyperplasia

Question 55

Reduction in number or size of cells

Answer 55

Atrophy

Question 56

Inhalation of high concentrations of coal dust

Answer 56

Anthracosis

Question 57

Long, thin fivers producing major fibrosis of the lung found in building materials

Answer 57

Asbestosis

Question 58

Most common pneumoconiosis results from inhalation of silica dioxides

Answer 58

Silicosis

Question 59

Approximately 45 degrees to the long axis of the bone

Answer 59

Oblique fracture

Question 60

At a right angle to the long axis of the bone

Answer 60

Transverse Fracture

Question 61

Compaction of bone resulting in a decreased length or width

Answer 61

Compression fracture

Question 62

Encircles the bone shaft

Answer 62

Spiral Fracture

Question 63

Fracture exits without angulation or separation

Answer 63

Undisplaced Fracture

Question 64

Loss of contract with normal articulation

Answer 64

Dislocation

Question 65

More than two fragments

Answer 65

Comminuted

Question 66

Partial loss of joint continuity

Answer 66

Subluxation

Question 67

Repeated stresses causing a bone response

Answer 67

Fatigue/Stress Fracture

Question 68

Small Bony Fragment pulled from a prominence

Answer 68

Avulsion