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OQ Review > Pathology & Tumors > Flashcards

Pathology & Tumors Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

Angle recession

A

A tear between the longitudinal and Circular fibers of the ciliary muscle | Rupture of the face of the ciliary body

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2
Q

Cyclodialysis

A

Disinsertion of the longitudinal muscles of the ciliary body from the scleral spur

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3
Q

Thickness of choroid

A
  1. 25 mm Posterior pole

0. 10 to 0.15 mm Anterior and peripheral

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4
Q

Sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses

A

Leser-Trelat sign - May indicate the presence of cancer, G.I. adenocarcinoma

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5
Q

Hereditary disease with multiple sebaceous adenoma’s

A

Muir-Torre - Multiple sebaceous neoplasms In conjunction with a visceral malignancy (G.I. or GU)

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6
Q

Colloidal iron stains

A

Glycosaminoglycans blue (macular corneal dystrophy) dame as Alcian blue

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7
Q

Scleritis frequently occurs in this condition resulting in zonal inflammatory reaction of histiocytes and lymphocytes

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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8
Q

COMS large melanoma trial conclusion

A

Compared enucleation alone Versus external beam radiation therapy after enucleation = radiotherapy does not impact overall survival

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9
Q

COMS medium melanoma conclusion

A

Enucleation versus iodine 125 brachytherapy = all cause mortality and Mets equal at 5 years

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10
Q

COMS small melanoma trial conclusions

A

Melanoma specific mortality at 5 years = 1%

Growth with thicker, orange pigmentation without Drusen or with “hot spots”/hyperfluoresence on FA

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11
Q

Project and synapse in the LGN

A

Ganglion cell layer

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12
Q

Peter’s anomaly Associations

A

> 50% systemic, >50% B/L - axenfeld-Rieger, congenital Bella, MLS, Pfieffer, Kivlin, trisomy 13-15,

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13
Q

PAM with atypical risk of progression

A

50% chance of transforming to malignant melanoma

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14
Q

NF 2 associated ON lesion

A

ON meningioma

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15
Q

Histopathology of a neurofibroma

A

Spindle shapes cells within dermis - seen in NF type 1 or 2

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16
Q

80% cases of sclerocornea

A

Cornea plana (AR most severe but half are sporadic)

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17
Q

Origin of: Corneal stroma, corneal endothelium, iris stroma, sclera

A

Neural crest

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18
Q

Origin of corneal epithelium, lacrimal system, lens

A

Surface ectoderm

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19
Q

Origin of iris pigmented epithelium, nonpigmented epithelium, iris sphincter/dilator, RPE, neuroretina, optic nerve

A

Neuroectoderm (RPE is only pigmented tissue not from neural crest)

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20
Q

Origin of temporal portion of sclera and fibers of extra-ocular muscles

A

Mesoderm

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21
Q

Origin of most of iris (sphincter, dilator, stroma), EOM fibers, temporal sclera, vascular endothelium, vitreous

A

Mesoderm

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22
Q

FA shows slow filling of lesion with pooling of dye in upper part of vascular space.

A

Retinal cavernous hemangioma

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23
Q

FA shows rapid AV phase with massive leakage of due into tumor

A

Capillary hemangioma

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24
Q

“Iron filings” deposits on anterior lens capsule

A

Pseudoexfoliation

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25
DDx for retained lens nucleus
Trisomy 13 Rubella Lowe
26
M/c presenting signs with Rb <5 yo
Leukocoria + strabismus
27
M/c presenting signs with Rb > 5 yo
Leukocoria and decreased vision
28
Non-ocular tumors in Rb survivors outside field of radiation
Osteosarcoma and malignant melanoma
29
Non-ocular tumors in Rb survivors that arise within field of radiation
Osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma
30
Middle aged Caucasian woman Presenting with unilateral glaucoma ,with slightly irregular
ICE syndrome
31
Features of choroidal metastasis
Flat and ill-defined Yellow white to gray yellow Leopard spotting pattern - Overlying RPE changes
32
Redundant peri-Umbilical skin
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome
33
Sunflower cataract
Wilson disease
34
Common ocular finding in patients with chronic uveitis from JIA
Band keratopathy
35
Most common cause of vision loss in JIA
Cystoid macular Edema
36
Most choroidal melanotic tumors that are melanomas are greater than this thickness
3 mm
37
Risk factors for choroidal lesion being a melanoma
``` Hotspots on fluorescein angiography Orange pigment Large size Juxtapapillary location Absence of drusen/RPE changes Homogeneity on ultrasound ```
38
A patient with multiple basal cell carcinoma is at risk for
Basal cell nevus syndrome - medulloblastoma or fibrosarcoma
39
Cowden disease
Multiple trichilemmomas: breast cancer + Fibrous hamartomas of the G.I. tract, thyroid, breast
40
BIGH3 gene (TGFB1 at chromosome 5q31)
Granular dystrophy (AD)
41
Mechanism of PSC cataract
Posterior migration of lens Epithelial cells from equator, swell to 5x size = bladder or Wedl cells
42
Prognostic info about eye survival in RN
Reese Ellsworth classification
43
Schwannoma Association
NF2>NF1
44
25 yo Nevus flammeus and elevated IOP
Sturge-Weber
45
Cerebellar and renal hemangioblastomas
Von Hippel Lindau
46
21 yo seizures, red patches on face, rough skin patches on back
Tuberous sclerosis
47
Describe ciliary body epithelium
2 layers - inner nonpigmented layer (faves posterior chamber) and outer pigmented layer (faves ciliary muscle). Corresponds to retina layers is RPE
48
Protein responsible in TGFB1 mutations
Keratoepithelin
49
TGFB1 corneal dystrophies
``` Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy Reis- Buckler Thiel-Behnke Lattice types 1 and 3 Granular types 1 and 2 (avellino) ```
50
Curly fibers on EM
Thiel-Behnke (TBCD)
51
Uveal tract attaches to sclera at 3 points
Sclera spur Internal openings of vortex veins (internal ostia) Peripapillary tissue
52
HLA-DR4
Vogt-Koyanagi (VKH) disease
53
HLA-DR2
Pars planitis
54
HLA-B51
Bechets
55
HLA-A29
Birdshot chorioretinitis
56
Glial cells
Muller cells + fibrous astrocytes (retinal scar formation after laser)
57
Dense black clumps in retinal scars result from..
RPE cells undergo fibrous metaplasia
58
Pseudo Roth spot
Retinal lesion in leukemia - White centered hemorrhages (Most common clinical sign in leukemia)
59
Consists of most newly formed lens fibers
Cortex
60
Thickness of anterior and posterior lens capsules
12–21 µm | 2–9 µm
61
PITX2 gene
Axenfeld-rieger
62
AD, glaucoma in 50% of cases
Axenfeld Rieger
63
Adenfeld anomaly versus Axenfeld syndrome
Schwalbe’s line Is anteriorly displaced | Syndrome - Trabecular meshwork abnormalities and glaucoma
64
KRT3 or KRT12
Meesmans corneal dystrophy - epithelium and basement membrane
65
CD45
Lymphocyte marker
66
Redundant epithelial basement membrane and encysted Degenerated epithelial cells
Anterior basement membrane dystrophy - Map – dot – fingerprint
67
Rosenthal fibers found in
Optic nerve glioma (Degenerating eosinophilic filaments)
68
Psammoma body
ON meningioma and pituitary prolactinoma
69
ICK is Caused by
Streptococcus viridans
70
Remnant of the hyaloid artery Of the primary vitreous at its site of attachment
Mittendorf dot Tunica vasculosa lentis Infero nasal
71
Indicate subsequent invasive melanoma and 75 to 90 percent of Patients
Pagetoid spread or full thickness epithelial involvement
72
Most common ocular tumor to spread to the eye via direct extension
Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva
73
Type two hypersensitivity reaction to the basement membrane With predominance of mature, differentiated B Lymphocytes or plasma cells with scattered lymphocytes
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
74
Most frequent location of iris melanomas
75% Inferior or inferotemporal
75
Cause sectoral cataract
Iris melanoma
76
Location of most common ocular manifestation of sarcoidosis
Uveal tract (Iris)
77
Staghorn shaped blood channels
Hemangiopericytoma
78
Age at presentation with known Rb FHx
8 months (Bilateral 12 mo) (Unilateral 24)
79
IL- 6
Inflammatory response
80
IL-10
Elevated in neoplastic response
81
Tumor of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium
Medulloepithelioma
82
Occurs in 25% of patient’s with NF-1
Plexiform neurofibroma
83
Occurs with blood in AC + elevated IOP x > 48 hours
Blood staining
84
Layers of descemet membrane
Anterior banded. Posterior non-banded
85
How is descemet membrane produced?
Endothelium
86
Distinguishes neovascular AMD from choroidal osteoma
High amplitude echo on ultrasound 2/2 calcification. Benign bony tumor near ON, may have choroidal neovascularization near macula
87
Orange yellow with pseudopod margins
Choroidal osteoma
88
Tertiary vitreous
Zonular fibers
89
Conjunctival melanoma most commonly metastasizes to ..
Head and neck LN (submandibular pre-auricular)
90
Uveal melanoma m/c first metastasize to
Liver
91
Granulomatois inflammation with co-existing chronic sinusitis and saddle nose deformity.
GPA granulomatosis with polyangiitis
92
Liquified lens cortical material
Morgagnian cataract
93
Common etiology of PAS
NVA - ie CRVO (35% incidence of NVI/NVA at 3 years in non-perfused and 10% in perfused)
94
Pigmented lesion of palpebral conjunctiva
Most likely malignant
95
Divides lacrimal gland into palpebral and orbital portion.
Aponeurosis of levator palpebral superioris, always bx superotemporal portion to avoid lacrimal excretory ducts in palpebral portion.
96
M/c ocular involvement of sarcoidosis
Uveal tract Anterior - iris (koeppe, busacca, Berlin nodules) Posterior - chorioretinitis, periphlebitis (“candle wax dripping”) chorioretinal nodules
97
M/c orbital involvement of sarcoid
Lacrimal gland
98
Association of limbal dermoid
Goldenhar syndrome
99
Keratoconus association
Marfans
100
Histo findings in keratoconus
Breaks in bowman membrane 2/2 bowing of cornea Hydrops- scrolling of DM
101
Location dot-blot
Inner nuclear, outer nuclear, inner plexiform
102
Complication is IOL made of PMMA
❄️ degeneration
103
Complication of IOLs made of hydrogel
Calcification
104
Complication of hydrophobic lens
Glistenings
105
Complication of silicone based IOL after posterior YAG capsulotomy
Calcium oxalate from asteroid hyalosis
106
Systemic manifestation of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome
Hypodontia Redundant periumbilical skin Maxillary hypoplasia Hyposoadias
107
Aniridia
Wilms tumor
108
Preauricular skin tags
Goldenhar syndrome
109
Absence of greater sphenoid
Neurofibromatosis
110
Normal population of melanocytes in basal layer (number)
Every 5th-10th cell

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