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Pathophys Flashcards

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1
Q

A disease characterized by cough producing sputum for at least 3 months and 2 consecutive years.

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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2
Q

Pathology of Chronic Bronchitis (4)

A

1) ^ size of mucus glands
2) goblet cell hyperplasia w/ low #cilia
3) Cilia dysfunction/disruption of mucus blanket
4) Bronchiolar narrow

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3
Q

Etiology Of Bronchitis

A

-Long term irritation of tracheobronchial (smoking)

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4
Q

Smoking ____ goblet cells to secrete ____ mucus

A

Stimulate, more

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5
Q

Smoke ____ ciliary action leading to _____

A

Inhibits, chronic cough

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6
Q

Characteristics of bronchitis

A

1) “blue Bloater” b/c decreased PaO2
2) ^ PaCO2, normal pH
3) Polycthemia
4) ^ PAP and RVH

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7
Q

Exacerbation of CB

A

1) Increased sputum
2) V/q Abn.
3) hypoxemia
4) Increase RR

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8
Q

Alveoli Hyperinflated

A

Emphysema

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9
Q

Characteristic of Emphysema

A

1) Pink Puffer
2) SOB and thin build
3) Accessory muscles
4) ^ A-P diameter chest

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10
Q

Etiology Of emphysema

A

Uncertain with age, smokers with CB

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11
Q

Prognosis of CB and Emphysema

A
  • loss of lung fields

- Age is accurate predictor of death

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12
Q

Common cause of death in CB and Emphysema

A

CHF
resp failure
Pneumonia
PE

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13
Q

A disease characterized by increased responsiveness of trachea and bronchi to stimuli

A

Asthma

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14
Q

What happens during an asthma attack?

A

1) Lumen narrowed
2) Bronchial smooth muscle spasm
3) Inflammation of mucosa
4) Overproduction of mucus

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15
Q

Pathology of asthma

A

Allergic or intrinsic: for patients under 35

Nonallergic: pts over 35

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16
Q

Characteristics of asthma

A

1) nocturnal awakening
2) ^RR and accessory muscle
3) Wheezing
4) unproductive cough with chest tightness

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17
Q

Asthma attack lasting for hours

A

Status asthmatics

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18
Q

What happens in status asthmaticus?

A

Pt exhausted from breathing

  • quiet chest
  • medical emergency
  • need to be ventilated
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19
Q

Characteristics of Restrictive Disorders

A

Lungs prevented from expanding fully

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20
Q

Symptoms of Restrictive Disorders

A
  • SOB
  • Non-productive cough
  • very thin
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21
Q

How much VO2 need for work of breathing for normal and restrictive disorders.

A

5%

25%

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22
Q

Clinical Syndrome caused by acute lung injury and characterized by sever hypoxemia and increase alveoli permeability.

A

ARDS

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23
Q

Ards is associated with __.

A

Multi-organ Failure

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24
Q

Etiology of ARds

A
  • Trauma
  • Fat emboli
  • Transplant
  • Shock
  • Pneumonias
  • Aspiration
  • Drugs
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25
Chronic inflammation inducing fibrosis, destruction, and distortion of lung parenchyma.
Pulmonary fibrosis
26
Pulmonary fibrosis considered to be a progression of
Interstitial lung disease (IDL)
27
Most aggressive interstitial lung disease
IPF
28
Result of failure of lung repair process
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
29
Signs and Sxs of pulmonary fibrosis
- rapid shallow breathing - dyspnea on exertion - fatigue - loss of appetite - weight loss - decreased breath sounds - digital clubbing...... - cyanosis
30
Collapse of alveoli
Atelectasis
31
Caused by obstruction of bronchial airway or insufficient surfactant
Atelectasis
32
Collapsed, airless alveoli ____ lung compliance and _______ work of breathing
Reduce, increase
33
Inflammatory process of lung from infection of lower respirator tract
Pneumonia
34
3 types of pneumonia
1) lobar 2) Bronchopneumonia 3) Walking
35
Chest pain related to ischemia of myocardium
Angina Pectoris
36
Where does angina pectoris refer?
``` b/w scalp Jaw Ear Teeth UE Neck ```
37
CHD in post menopause ____ than pre
2-3x higher
38
Women more likely to die from ____ wishin few weeks post
Heart attack
39
Death within one year of initial MI Women Men
38% 25%
40
Ratio of women who die from CVD
1 out of 2
41
Ratio of women who die from CA
1 out of 27
42
Who dies more from CVA
Women
43
3 types of angina pectoris
Stable, unstable, and variant
44
Which angina occurs during physical activity
Stable
45
Characterized by substantial, non-radiating pain. 5-15 mins.
Stable angina
46
Occurs during low level exercise
Unstable angina
47
Unstable angina episodes are
More frequent and longer
48
Unstable angina indicates
CAD progression
49
Is unstable angina responsive to NTG
Nawww
50
occurs as rest/ during walking
Variant angina
51
Characteristic of variant angina
Intense pain, long duration, can lead to MI
52
What is prescribed for stable, unstable and variant angina?
NTG Hospitalization Ca+ channel blockers
53
Necrosis of portion of Myocardium
MI
54
What is the pain of MI like?
Radiates, waxes and wanes. Doesn't go away with NTG
55
Full wall thickness MI
Transmural
56
Only portion of wall involved in MI
Subendocardia (no q wave)
57
Small infarction with no complications during recovery
Uncomplicated MI
58
Conditions of complicated MI
1) dysrythmia 2) heart failure 3) thrombosis 4) Damage to structures
59
Cardiogenic shock followed by death if
40% or greater of L ventricle involved.
60
What can occur 1-2 weeks post MI
Ventricular wall rupture
61
MI signals for women
1) Nausea 2) Fatigue 3) Dizziness 4) Pain waist up, jaw and neck, sleeping
62
MI Risk factors for women
``` Low HDLS High triglycerides Diabetes Smoking (biggest) Estrogen/menopause ```
63
How is MI Dx
Echocardiography
64
Blood clot from a stent
In-stent thrombosis
65
Syndrome where heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to supply body
CHF
66
CHF is
A group of clinical manifestations
67
Left ventricular heart failure termed
CHF
68
R ventricular heart failure referred to as
Cor pulmonale
69
Cor pulmonale is caused by
Pulmonary patho
70
CHF symptoms develop
Gradually
71
RV backs up into.... | LV backs up into...
RA then periphery Lungs
72
R side CHF Sx
- dependent edema - hepatomegaly - ascites - fatigue - weight gain - cyanosis - low urine output
73
L side CHF Sx
- dyspnea - fatigue - rales - enlarged heart - tachypnea - cyanosis - irritability - restless - confusion
74
Oral anticoagulant that inhibit production of reduced form of vitamin K
Warfarin
75
What is warfarin indicated for
DVT, acute MI, emboli

Cardiopulm (13 decks)

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