Pathophys buzzwords quiz 2 Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
Cardiac Enzyme test with longest duration
A
Troponin
2
Q
Most specific/sensitive cardiac enzyme test
A
Troponin
3
Q
Tombstone sign
A
STEMI
4
Q
Cardiac enzyme first to elevate
A
myoglobin
5
Q
MC cause of mitral stenosis
A
rheumatic fever
6
Q
one MC cause of mitral regurgitation
A
mitral valve prolapse
7
Q
MC valvular disease
A
aortic stenosis
8
Q
concerning sx of aortic stenosis
A
synacope
9
Q
always include aortic regurgitation in diff dx if have
A
Infective endocarditis
10
Q
Most common cardiomyopathy
A
dilated
11
Q
Most common genetic CV disease
A
hypertrophic
12
Q
Most common cause of SCD in young
A
hypertrophic
13
Q
MC restrictive cardiomyopathy due to
A
amyloidosis
14
Q
Becks triad
A
hypotension, jugular vein distention,, muffeled heart sounds
15
Q
Becks triad seen in
A
cardiac tamponade
16
Q
viral inflammation, mostly idopathic
A
pericarditis
17
Q
Diffuse ST changes on ECG
A
acute pericarditis
18
Q
MC congenital dz
A
Ventricular Septal Defects
19
Q
Coarctation (narrowing) of the Aorta BP
A
Blood pressure is usually disproportionally higher in upper extremities than in lower extremities*
20
Q
MC congenital defect
A
Tetralogy of Fallot
21
Q
What is the most common cause of right sided heart failure?
A
Left sided HF
22
Q
What are the two systems used to stage the severity of heart failure?
A
ACC/AHA Stage NYHA
23
Q
MC dysrythmias
A
reentry
24
Q
pheochromocytoma
A
sinus trachycardia
25
What do the P waves look like on ECG in atrial fibrillation and why do they look like that?
irregularly irregular
26
MC cause cardiogenic shock
MI
27
MC complication with septic shock
DIC
28
Ca
the most important electrolyte in heart fun
29
cHRonotropic
increase HR
30
inotropic
increase force on contraction
31
MC type of angina
stable/chronic
32
Hallmork: Sjogren’s syndrome
dry eyes, dry mouth
33
Fat, female, fertile and forty* (& Fam first degree)
Risk factors for cholelithiasis
34
Right upper quadrant pain(often radiates to right scapula)
acute cholecystitis
35
Dx of acute cholecystitis
Ultrasonography
36
Where is it really bad for cholecystitis to spread to
liver
37
Main cause of acute pancreatitis
alcohol
38
Gold standard test pancreatitis
CT abdomen with contrast
39
Cullens signs
periabdominal
40
Turners sign
Flank
41
mainstay tx pancreatitis
NPO
42
MOST COMMON CAUSE of pancreatitis
ALCOHOL ABUSE! Over long period of time*
43
key in cholesterol production
HMG-CoA reductase
44
Pre-hepatic serum
increases unconjugated bilirubin
45
prehepatic urine
no billirubin increased urobillirubin
46
posthepatic serum
increased conjugated bilirubin
47
posthepatic urine
(+) conjugated billirubin
48
hepatic serum
increased conjugated bilirubin
49
hepatic urine
(+) conjugated billirubin no or little urobillirubin
50
normal serum
some conjugated some unconjugated
51
normal urine
little urobillirubin
52
Middle age women, doesn’t drink, cirrohis
PRIMARY BILLIARY CIRRHOSIS
53
cant hold hand up, spasms, names bc like bird wing
astrocytes flap
54
ascites must preform
paracentesis
55
indicates prior infection or immunity
xHBsAB
56
#1 leading cause of liver transplant in U.S.
HEP C
57
Wilsons = problem with deposition of
copper
58
low ceruloplasmin serum
Wilsons
59
Kaiser-Fleischer ring
Copper deposition
60
hepatoma/hepatocellular cancer tx
liver transplant
61
tx acetominophen od
N-acetylcystine (NAC) (Mucomyst)****
62
Gastric ulcers link
gastric CA
63
Chronic granulomatous lesions- transmural extension/deep*
Chrons
64
Cobblestoning skip lesions
Chrons
65
Goldstandard Mesenteric ischemia
Angiography
66
• More extended and superficial- as compared to chrons*
UC
67
Farmers- soil
Whipple disease
68
colonscopy contraindicated
toxic megacolon DIVERTICULITIS
69
anytime do scope and see ulcer, must
bx
70
Virchow’s node*
gastric CA
71
Lynch
Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer
72
Colon Cancer screening goldstandard
colonscopy
73
Colon cancer surveillance
CEA-125
74
Mainstay tx osteoporosis
Bisphsphonates
75
New bone is less compact, more bulky but more fragile
Paget
76
Most common malignant bone cancer
Osteosarcoma
77
fun of tendons and ligaments
support
78
Dashboard
PCL
79
* pain & swelling near base of thumb
* difficulty moving thumb and wrist when doing something that involves pinching or grasping
* sticking or stop and go sensation in your thumb when moving
De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
80
a Finkelstein test, in which you bend your thumb across the palm of your hand and bend your fingers down over your thumb. Then you bend your wrist toward your little finger. If this causes pain on the thumb side of your wrist, you likely have
de Quervain's tenosynovitis.
81
MC Rotator cuff injury
supraspinatus
82
Thompsons test
achilies- will plantar flex
83
Meniscus most likely to be injured
medial
84
S&S plantar fascitis
stabbing pain in bottom of foot, near the heel, usually worst first few steps after awakening. can also be triggered by long periods of standing, or getting up from seated position
85
“water on the elbow”
olecranon bursitis
86
• *Very important to correlate MRI findings with PE findings
DDD
87
MC MD
• Duchenne
88
lack of dystrophin
Duchenne
89
Compartment syndrome
* Pain out of proportion to injury (early sign)
* Pallor
* Pulselessness
* Paresthesias
* Paralysis
90
Tx compartment syndrom
emergent decompression (surgical)
91
MC arthritis
OA
92
MC septic arthritis and osteomyelitis
Staphylococcus aureu
93
consider in adult younger than 30 years old septic arthritis can be
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
94
Anti-citrullinated peptide antibody
specific for RA
95
*swan neck deformity
hyperextension PIP and flexion of MCP and DIP
96
Boutonniere
flexion of PIP and hyperextension DIP
97
ACR RA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
joint involvement, serology, acute phase reactants, duration of symptoms
98
mainstay treatment RA
NSAIDS
99
Butterfly” /malar rash
SLE
100
Anti-dsDNA
SLE
101
CREST meaning
* C: calcinosis (calcium deposits in tissues)
* R: Raynauds
* E: Esophageal dismotility
* S: Sclerodactyly
* T: Telangiectasis
102
when do we see crest
Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (LCSS) 60%
103
Anti- Scl-70
scleraderma
104
AS gender
men
105
Bamboo spine”*
AS
106
HLA B27
AS
107
2-4 weeks after GI or GU infection*
REITER SYNDROME
108
• GI: Campylobacter
REITER SYNDROME
109
• GU: Chlamydia trachomatis!*
REITER SYNDROME
110
Classic triad reuters
* Arthritis
* Conjunctivitis (or ueveitis)
* Urethritis/cervicitis
111
– Red wine and beer (any excessive EtOH)*
GOUT
112
– Negatively birefringent crystals*
gout
113
• Allopurinol * MC
management of gout
