Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HemeOnc > Pathophys: Hematology > Flashcards

Pathophys: Hematology Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

hemoglobinopathy

A

group of disorders (inherited) = abnormal production or structure of hemoglobin molecule (e.g., sickle cell anemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

coagulopathy

A

a disease/condition affecting the bloods ability to coagulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

aplasia

A

incomplete, retarded or defective development of tissue/organ; cessation of the usual regenerative process in a tissue/organ [aplastic anemia: body stops producing new blood cells]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anisocytosis

A

a variation in size of cells (esp RBCs, pernicious anemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

anemia

A

hemoglobin concentration is below normal bc of a deficiency in RBCs and/or a low level of hemoglobin in cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hemolysis/hemolytic

A

break down of RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

polycythemia

A

disorder of bone marrow (resulting in over production of RBCs, and a little increase in WBCs and platelets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cytosis vs. cytopenia

A

cytois - condition in which there is more than the usual number of cells
cytopenia - deficiency of cellular elements of the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

poikilocytosis

A

a condition characterized by poikilocytes in the blood; a poikilocyte is an abnormally shaped RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pancytopenia

A

abnormal reduction in the number of erythrocytes, WBCs and platelets in the blood (all 3 must be low)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
mycrocytic anemias (2)
(5 questions)
A

iron deficiency

thalassemia - major/mino

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
macrocytic anemias (4)
(4 questions)
A

folic acid deficiency
B12 deficiency
liver disease
myelodysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
normocytic anemia (1)
(4 questions)
A

anemia of chronic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
hemolytic anemia (7)
(4 questions)
A 
1 sickle cell anemia (Hb S disease)
2 sickle cell trait
3 G6PD deficiency
4 cold agglutinin disease
5 hemoglobin S-C disease
6 hereditary sperocytosis
7 autoimmune hemolytic anemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is hemochromatosis?

1 question

A

disease in which the body absorbs too MUCH iron from diet; iron is stored in liver and pancreas and can be toxic leading to cancer, heart arrhythmias and cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bone marrow failure diseases (3)

1 question

A

aplastic anemia
pure red cell aplasia
myelodysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders (7)

6 questions

A
  1. acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
  2. chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
  3. polycythemia vera
  4. myelofibrosis
  5. acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
  6. chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
  7. essential thrombocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lymphomas and plasma cell dyscrasias (4)

6 questions

A
  1. hodgkin’s disease
  2. multiple myeloma
  3. non-hodgkins lymphoma
  4. burkitts lymphoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

disorders of hemostasis (5)

3 questions

A
  1. immune thrombocytopenic purpura
  2. thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
  3. hemolytic-uremic syndrome
  4. henoch-schonlein purpura
  5. heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hereditary disorders of coagulation (3)

2 questions

A
  1. factor VIII deficiency (hemophilia A)
  2. factor IX deficiency (hemophilia B)
  3. von Willebrands disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

acquired disorders of coagulation (4)

2 questions

A
  1. vitamin K deficiency
  2. coagulopathy of liver disease
  3. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
  4. acquired platelet disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

acquired and congenital hypercoaguable states (6)

2 questions

A
  1. factor V Leiden
  2. malignancy
  3. activated protein C resistance
  4. lupus anticoagulant
  5. protein C deficiency
  6. protein S deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

iron deficiency

A
  • blood loss until proven otherwise
  • microcytic
  • smooth tongue, brittle nails, koilonychias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

thalassemia

A
  • defect making hemoglobin (genetic)
  • greater degree of microcytosis
  • normal or elevated RBC and retic (unique of the anemias)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
folic acid deficiency
- NO NEURO defects - macrocytic - glossitis - pallor
26
B12 deficiency
- YES NEURO DEFECTS - macrocytic - pallor - glossitis
27
liver disease
- liver enzymes (which transport B12) not being produced - B12 not absorbed - macrocytic
28
anemia of chronic disease
-chronic disease associated with it
29
sickle cell anemia
- hemoglobin S, homozygous, hereditary - recurrent pain - transfusion, folic acid
30
sickle cell trait
- hemoglobin S, heterozygous, hereditary - no tx, genetic counsiling - increased risk
31
G6PD deficiency
- enzyme defect - HEINZ bodies! cause membrane damage - episodic hemolytic anemia - avoid antioxidant drugs
32
cold agglutinin disease
- ACQUIRED - IgM "cold" agglutinin - anemia with exposure to cold - lysis is intravascular - coombs + test - tx w/ rituximab
33
hemoglobin SC disease
- no sickling - hemoglobin S and C (heterozygous) - mild course
34
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- acquired - IgG "warm" autoantibody - rapid onset of life threatening anemia - spherocytes! - coombs + test - tx w/ steroids and maybe splenectomy
35
aplastic anemia
- hematopoetic stem cell - bone marrow failure - pancytopenia - pupura, petichiae, fatigue, mucosal bleed - NO ABNORMAL CELL MORPH - NO LYMPH, LIVER, SPLEEN issues
36
pure red cell anemia
-autoimmune -bone marrow failure -low retic count, normal RBC diff than aplastic (all cell lines) diff than myelodysplasia (weird morphology)
37
myelodysplasia
- acquired - bone marrow failure - PRELEUKEMIA - MCV normal or increased (macrocytic anemia) - <20% blasts - MORPHOLOGIC abnormalities
38
ALL
childhood disease lymphocytes (b and t cells) pancytopenia >20% blasts
39
AML
adult onset myeloid cells pancytopenia >20% blasts
40
CLL
B lymphocytes lymphocytosis (lots!) no tx unless symptomatic
41
CML
PHILADELPHIA mutation! increased WBC count progress to AML
42
polycemia vera
increased RBCs (and increased other cells too) expanded blood volume thrombosis increased B12
43
myelofibrosis
poikilocytosis weird platelet morphology other counts variable
44
essential thrombocytosis
increased platelets thrombosis oral hydroxyurea
45
hodgkins disease
young adult lymphadenopathy B cell lymphoma rare
46
multiple myeloma
plasma cell cancer | destruction of bone marrow and bone
47
non hodgkins lymphoma
more common than HL tumors from lymph tissue B cell (85%)
48
burkitts lymphoma
aggressive B cell NHL rapid growth of tumors and lysis high risk EBV + malaria prevalent in children in Africa
49
immune thrombocytopenic purpura
auto immune disease destruction of platelets can be seen w/ lupus, lymphoma, meds, hep C, HIV "diagnosis of exclusion"
50
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
``` thrombocytopenia destruction of platelets fever NEUROLOGIC S/S ADULTS schistocytes ```
51
hemolytic-uremic syndrome
``` thrombocytopenia destruction of platelets KIDNEY DISEASE, DIARRHEA KIDS schistocytes ```
52
henoch-schonlein purpura
``` vasculitis in children (arthritis, abd pain) palpable purpura (extremities, buttocks) ```
53
heparin induced thrombocytopenia
BOTH thrombocytopenic and prothrombic state (YAW!) | d/c heparin immediately
54
factor 8 deficiency (hemophilia A)
``` hereditary (more common than hemophilia B) elevated PTT (intrinsic) MALES unexpected bleed w/ trauma/invasion joint/soft tissue bleeds ```
55
factor 9 deficiency (hemophilia B)
``` hereditary (less common than hemophilia A) elevated PTT (intrinsic) MALES unexpected bleed w/ trauma/invasion joint/soft tissue bleeds ```
56
von willebrands disease
``` hereditary (most common!) PTT elevated (intrinsic) type 2 like hemophilia A but FEMALES AFFECTED ```
57
vitamin K deficiency
acquired elevated PT (extrinsic) issue w/ diet/absorption/production
58
coagulopathy of liver disease
acquired decrease synthesis of clotting factors and fibrinogen elevated PT (extrinsic) and PTT in advanced disease
59
DIC
``` acquired decreased platelets and fibrinogen elevated PT and PTT secondary disorder bleeding at mult. sites ```
60
acquired platelet disorders
acquired drugs increase thrombin time heparin has antidote, newer drugs dont!
61
activated protein C resistance
hereditary most common inherited hypercoaguable state VENOUS THROMBOSIS act protein C (APC) is natural anticoagulant
62
factor V leiden
hereditary most common type of APC resistance increased VENOUS thrombosis
63
protein C deficiency
hereditary activated protein C is natural anticoagulant not enough C=too much clotting (VENOUS)
64
protein S deficiency
hereditary protein S is an activator of C no S=no APC=VENOUS clots
65
lupus anticoagulant
acquired increased risk for ARTERIAL CLOTS lupus anticoag is an PROTHROMBOTIC agent (misnamed anticoag)
66
malignancy
acquired most common cause of hypercoaguable state VENOUS thrombosis

HemeOnc (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions