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Pathophys Disorders > Pathophysio Disorders Part 1 > Flashcards

Pathophysio Disorders Part 1 Flashcards

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1
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A
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Q

Benign papillomas

Exaggeration of normal skin composition

Only invades kin and mucous membrancous

Most resolve within 5 years

Viral infection

A

Verrucae (warts)

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4
Q

Common infection of skin and mucous membrane

Vesicles and erythema become pustules, ulcers, crusts then heal

A

Herpes simplex

Type 1- above the waist

Type 2- below the waist

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5
Q

Acute, localized, inflammatory

Normally within dermatosomal segment

Stays latent in dorsal root ranglia

eruption of vesicles and erythematous bases

A

Herpes Zoster- shingles

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6
Q

Can cause infection

often erythematous macules or plaques with peripheral scaling and central clearing

A

Superficial fungal infection

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7
Q

Fungal infection found in immunoimpaired people

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Mucocutaneous candidiasis

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8
Q

Fungal infection found in infants and bed ridden patients

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Intertrigo

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9
Q

Acute, contagious

vesciles, pustules, yellowing crusts

bacterial infection

A

Impetigo

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10
Q

Bacterial STD

3 stages-lesion, rash, goes to brain

A

Syphilis

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11
Q

Excessive growth of keratinocytes/ keratin

looks like a fish!

A

congenital ichthyosis

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12
Q

hyperkeratosis

stimulation by pressure

A

corns, calluses

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13
Q

most common skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

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14
Q

rare, highly malignant, skin cancer

A

melanoma

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15
Q

Diffuse, punctate, macular rash

Begins on trunk, spread to arms/ legs

Swollen lymph nodes

Can cross placenta

A

Rubella- 3 day (german) measles

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16
Q

Herpes 6 and 7

5-15 months- maculopapular rash on trunk

spreads to appendages- high fever, inflamed tympanic membranes

no swollen lymph nodes

A

roseola infantum

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17
Q

Macular, blotchy rash

begins onf face, spreads to appendages

high temp, photosensitivity, macules may hemorrhage

highly communicable

A

Measles

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18
Q

Skin lesions in 3 stages: macule, vesicle, granular scab

All 3 forms visible by 3rd day

A

Chicken pox- varicella

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19
Q

Systemic reactions to toxins produce by alpha beta-hemolytic streptococci

normally with strep throat

pink punctate skin rash

high fever, strawberry tongue

A

scarlet fever

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20
Q

superficial, partial thickness burn

A

1st degree burn

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21
Q

Epidermis and part of dermis (partial thickness)

SubQ structure stay intact (full thickness)

A

2nd degree burn

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22
Q

Full thickness burn

extends into subcutaneous tissue

vasculature involvment

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A

third degree burn

23
Q

full thickness beyond dermis

muscle and bone involving

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A

4th degree burn

24
Q

lateral curvature of the skin

resolves when patient bends to affected side

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A

non-structural scoliosis

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lateral curavture of the spine fails to correct on forced bending against curavture vertebral rotation
structural scoliosis
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Bone resoprtion rate greater than formation osteoclasts outpace osteoblasts cancellous lost faster than cortical
osteoporosis
27
Deficit in mineraliation of osteoid Vitamin D deficiency prevents normal calcium and phosphorus maintenance
Rickets (children) Osteomalacia (adults)
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Progressive slow metabolic disorder excessive bone resorption follow by excessive bone formation overproduction of cancellous bone fragility leads to deformities and fractures
Paget Disease
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Soft tissue trauma due to unyielding structure of inert tissues decreae compartment size, increased compartment content all cause pressure- ischmia and pain
Compartment syndrome
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Common, severe X-linked Muscle cells lack dystrophin
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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inherited, autosomal dominant, face and shoulder affected
facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
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Chronic, autoimmune diseaes of neuromuscular function voluntary muscle weakness and fatigue Ach receptor antibodies
Myasthenia Gravis
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Pain syndrome, chronic muscle pain unkown etiology
Fibromyalgia syndrome
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Degenerative, progressive, non-inflammatory disease Loss of articular cartilage More prevelant with age
Osteoarthritis
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Systemic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation in joint cavity stimulate edema, neovascularization, synovial proliferation
rheumatoid arthritis
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Agglutination due to mismatch ABO blood types Type II hypersensitivty rxn
transufion rxn
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Rh- mother with Rh+ fetus type II hypersensitivty rxn
hemolytic disease of the newborn
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antibodies form to ach receptor on motor end plates of muscles no effect cells loss of motor end plate function types II hypersensitivity rxn
Myasthenia Gravis
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similar to myasthenia Gravis but with effector cells * Body develops autoantibodies directed towards autoreceptors in thyroid gland * Build up receptors and enhance normal function of thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism)
Graves Disease
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Donor tissue - antigen for which recipient has preformed antibodies Revascularization of new tissue - antibodies attach Effects and complement mediate lysis of donor tissue Inflammation, thrombosis & hemorrhage - 48 till donor tissue death
hyperactue graft reaction
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Caused by persistent low-grade infection Interaction of soluble exogenous antigen with soluble antibody Immune complex deposited in glomerular capillary wall Damage to glomerular basement membrane Proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, oliguria
Immune complex glomerulonephritis
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Autoimmune, connective tissue, collagen vascular or inflammatory disorder Development of antibodies against nuclear antigens Anti-nuclear and anti-DNA autoantibodies attach - deposit on collagen-rich tissues
Systemic lupus erythematosus
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Rapid type IV Soluble antigen triggers T cells - release cytokines - activate basophils - move to infected area - skin swelling in 24 hrs
Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity
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Hapten penetrates skin - becomes immunogenic Activation of CD4+ cells - inflammatory response and attraction of effector cells - epidermal phenomenon - peaks in 48-72 hrs
Contact hypersensitivity
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Person with tuberculosis antibodies is exposed to tuberculin in a TB test Dermal phenomenon
Tuberculin-type hypersensitivity
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Primary defense against intracellular infections Protective - eventually causes tissue destruction Antigen not degraded in macrophages Lymphocytes create inflammatory response
Granulomatous hypersensitivity
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Autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive Possible defective expression of MHC Possible mutation to RAG1 & RAG2
SCID
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X-linked Mutation of WASP gene - cytoplasmic signaling Deficiency of platelets, non-functional T cells Trouble mounting immune responses
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
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thymic hypoplasia T cell development affected due to deletion on chromosome 22 Normal B cells Normally found with other developmental disorders
DiGeorge Syndrome
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Autosomal recessive T-cell disorder Selective deficiency of cell-mediated immunity against Candida albicans Persistent or recurrent severe skin, nail and mucous membrane infections Other B and T cell functions are normal
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
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failure of IgA lymphocytes to become plasma cells Autosomal dominant or recessive Prone to respiratory, GI and genitourinary infections
IgA deficiency
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B cells unable to complete maturation Mutation of btk gene Increase in T cells Prone to recurrent bacterial infections
Bruton X-linked agammaglobulinemia
53
Infant slow to acquire normal Ig levels Normalcy achieved usually by age 4
Transient hypogammaglobulinemia
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Pathophys Disorders (1 decks)

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