Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Renal And Urologic Systems > Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Pathophysiology Flashcards

(44 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Why is a reticulocyte count done during Labor and Delivery?

A

If Retic Count is high, it shows there was a stress in the womb and the hospital is not liable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Increase in BUN levels means

A

Dehydration and Kidney Failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If a person is experiencing frequent urination, dysuria, urgency, and lower/suprapubic pain, what could this be and where?

A

Cystitis UTI in the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two most common pathogens that cause UTI?

A

E. Coli and S. saprophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This is exclusively produced by the renal tubule cells of the distal loop of Henle and is the most abundant urinary protein.

A

Tamm-Horsfall Protein (THP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A patient comes in with excruciating pain in the Upper Outer Quadrant of abdomen and around the bladder. What symptoms are associated?

A

Colic Pain associated with kidney stones, causes coolness, clammy, nausea, vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Patient complains of deep aching pain in their flank or back which becomes more intense when drinking water?

A

Non-colicky pain due to kidney stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
Treatment for CKF (select all):
A. Reversible 
B. Manage protein intake 
C. Transplant
D. ACE inhibitor 
E. Increase potassium 
F. Erythropoietin as needed 
G. Decrease dyslipidemia
A

A, B, C, D, F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
What contributes to progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (select all):
A. Hypotension 
B. glomerular  hypertension 
C Hematuria 
D. Hyper filtration 
E. Tubulointestinal Inflammation 
F. Fibrosis
A

C, D, E, F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Normal GFR Rate is:

A

130-90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many stages of GFR are there and what’s Kidney Failure?

A

5 Stages, GFR less than 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Factors that’s advance kidney disease:

A

Proteinuria and Angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CKD affects which other organ systems?

A

Cardiovascular- anemia and hypertension

Pulmonary- dyspnea + Kussmauls Resp

Hematologic Alterations- hyper-coagulability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patient has clinical manifestations of “Urea frost”, anorexia, lethargy, bone pain, edema, epistaxis, anemia, bruising, infertility… they could have?

A

Chronic kidney disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q 
Risk factors for CKD (select all):
A. Make
B. African American, Native, Asian 
C. Elderly 
D. Family history
E. Diabetes, hypertension, obesity 
F. Smoking, alcohol, drugs
A

A, B, C, D, E, F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A one year old is experiencing diarrhea, infection, poor feeding, what would I most likely check?

A

Fluids and electrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The patient experiences urine blockage, infection, or urinary stones due to kidneys failing to ascend to abdomen?

A

Ectopic Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

More common in boys, the midline of the kidney fused and is single u-shaped?

Study These Flashcards
A

Horseshoe kidney

19
Q

If someone shows Urinary Tract Obstruction, what are the effects?

Study These Flashcards
A

Stasis of urine- infection and stones, increase bacteria

Progressive dilation of renal collecting ducts and renal tubular structures, causing destruction and atrophy.

20
Q

An infection in the bladder has symptoms like frequency, urgency, dysuria, what is this called?

21
Q

UTI in the kidney cause by e.coli and staphylococcus saprophyticus?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pyelonephritis

22
Q

UTO cause:

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Congenital anomalies
  • Urinary calculi
  • Pregnancy
  • Benign prostrate hypertrophy
  • Scar tissue
  • Tumors
  • Neurological disorder
  • Spinal cord injury
  • Complete or partial obstruction
  • ** Unilateral
23
Q

A patient has crystals in their urine output, why?

Study These Flashcards
A

Many crystals could mean stones- inflammation, infection, or metabolic disorder

24
Q

A patient has hematuria and pyuria? Define:

Study These Flashcards
A

Hematuria- large # of RBCs in urine

Pyuria- WBC in urine, indicates infection

25
``` Reagan Strips (dipsticks) can find (select all): A. Glucose B. Bilirubin C. Urobilinogen D. Leukocyte esterase E. Nitrates F. Ketones G. Proteins H. Hemoglobin and Myoglobin ```
A-H, they all apply
26
Risk factors for Kidney Disease:
- Male - Before age 50 - Inadequate fluid intake: most prevalent
27
``` Treatment for Renal Caliculi (select all): A. Mobilization B. Narcotics/Analgesics C. Straining D. Increase fluid intake E. Stone removal ```
B, D, E
28
Angiotensin II:
- stimulate secretion of aldosterone (BP regulator) - Vasoconstrictor - ADH secretion and thirst
29
This structure is 30 cm long, peristaltic activity moves urine to bladder, and it is smooth muscle:
Ureters
30
A female comes in with a cystitis UTI which is common because?
Females urethras are only 3-4 cm long Males are 18-20 cm long
31
Renal blood flow decreases when:
MAP decreases and vascular resistance increases Kidneys receive 1000-1200 mL/min of blood
32
Increase in urine formation= decrease blood flow + decrease blood pressure + increase in sodium and water loss. Secreted cells in the ventricles
Brain Natriuretic Peptide
33
Functions: reabsorb sodium, promote passive diffusion of water, increase concentration in urea. Balanced the GFR:
Proximal convoluted tubules
34
Normal BUN levels:
10-20 mg/DL
35
Epinephrine, dopamine, and norepinephrine are all a:
Catecholamine
36
A person has low urine output but high water reabsorption, what hormone is working?
ADH
37
Pt is pale, tired, and has Low H&H?
Reticulocyte count to determine if erythropoiesis is working
38
Stimulates red blood cell production
Erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA)
39
This is high in serum, low in urine. Determines his much can be cleared from blood by kidneys. Normal levels: 0.7-1.2 mg/DL
Creatinine clearing test
40
Indirect measure of GFR, tubular secretion and reabsorption, and RBF:
Creatinine Clearing Test
41
Normal Value: 1.016-1.022 | Measure of solute concentration in urine
Specific Gravity
42
A pt is experiencing dehydration, diarrhea, emesis, excessive sweating, urinary tract/bladder infection, renal artery stenosis, which means:
Increase in specific gravity higher than 1.022, highly concentrated
43
Normal aging on renal function:
``` Decrease: kidney size RBF and GFR Nephrons Tubular transport response Elimination of drugs ``` Increase: sclerotic glomerular capillaries Excretion of glucose Bladder symptoms
44
A pt comes in with swelling around the eyes feet and ankles, foamy beer-like urine, weight gain due to fluid, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia?
Nephrotic syndrome

Renal And Urologic Systems (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions