Pathophysiology: Ischemic Heart And Vascular Disease Flashcards
(23 cards)
Cardio protective factors
Fruit/veggies, exercise, moderate alcohol
Contribute most to CV risk
Abnormal lipids (apo A and B ratio) Smoking
When a patient has an MI but no ST elevation
Fatty material is deposited in vessel wall. NSTEMI
Full occlusion MI
STEMI - narrowed artery becomes blocked by a blood clot
Athersclerosis is a type of
Arteriosclerosis
Consequences of atherosclerosis
Narrow size, blockage, stiffness (less reactivity)
Primary cause of hardened and narrowed arteries (atherosclerosis)
Stable plaque
Which type of plaque is more likely to rupture, causing MI or stroke
Unstable
When does myocardial perfusion occur
Diastole
Pain in internal organs is often sensed on the surface of the body
Referred pain
How is stable angina relieved
Rest or nitroglycerin
Rate pressure product
HR x SBP
Number in the thousands
Presence of angina in absence of increased demand
Unstable angina
What biomarker marks an AMI
Troponin (3-4 hrs) peak 18 hrs
ST elevation
MI
ST depression
Ischemic cells have leaky cell membranes
The baseline is shifted ____ in NSTEMI
Upward
The baseline is shifted ____ in STEMI
Downward
Often provides permanent ECG evidence of previous MI in multiple leads
Q wave
Non Q wave
Subendocardial
NSTEMI
Q wave
Transmural
STEMI
Exercise test responses suggesting myocardial ischemia
ST segment depression greater or equal to 1 mm
ST segment elevation in leads with previous MI (Q wave)
Multi focal PVCs or runs of V-tach
Peak exercise HR less than 2 SD below age predicted HR (not on beta blockers
Exertional hypotension (SBP drops more than 10 mm Hg)
Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Cigarette smoking, abnormal lipids (apo -B), hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, psychosocial stress
