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Scribe Training > PathoPhysiologyExam > Flashcards

PathoPhysiologyExam Flashcards

1
Q

CAD

A

Narrowing of the arteries supplying cardiac tissues with blood

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2
Q

MI

A

Infarct of cardiac tissue due to ischemia which is caused by blockage of coronary arteries

  • Has 2 types
    1. Stemi
    2. Non-Stemi
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3
Q

CHF

A

Failure of the heart to contract and circulate blood to all body parts efficiently due to enlargement of the heart and congestion that is caused by fluid retention by the kidney.

RF-MI, HTN, CAD
Sx: SOB
Dx: CXR & BNP

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4
Q

A-Fib

A

Irregular beats due to malfunctioning of the nodes in the heart that generate an electrical pulse; atria quiver rapidly

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5
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart

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6
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the sac surrounding the lungs

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7
Q

Costochondritis

A

Irritation of the ribs worsened by pressing on the Sternum

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8
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Accumulation of fluid in the sac surrounding the lungs

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9
Q

Chest Wall Pain

A

Irritation of the Chest wall that worsens with palpation

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10
Q

Angina

A

Chest Pain

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11
Q

PE

A

Blood clot in pulmonary artery that blocks blood flow to the lung

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12
Q

PNA

A

Infection and inflammation of the lungs, causing the alveoli to fill with infiltrate, leading to SOB, CP, & coughs

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13
Q

PNX

A

Collapsing of the lungs due to trauma or spontaneous rupture of the lungs

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14
Q

COPD

A

Long term damage to the alveoli of lungs with smoking leading to mucous production, SOB, and inflammation

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15
Q

RAD

A

Constriction of the airways due to inflammation and bronchospasms

Wheezing & SOB*

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16
Q

Ischemic CVA

A

Brain Damage due to Ischemia resulting in weakness/numbness/speech and visual problems

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17
Q

Hemorrhagic VA /Brain Bleed

A

Brain bleed due to traumatic or spontaneous rupture of blood vessels in head; causing headache with a sudden onset

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18
Q

TIA

A

Transient brain damage due to hypoxia/inability of blood vessels to supply brain with enough o2

-damages are reversible

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19
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation and infection of the membrane covering the brain and the spinal cord; causing severe nuchal pain and stiffness along with a headache and AMS

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20
Q

Spinal Cord Injury

A

Trauma causing injury to the spinal cord results in nonfocal, bilateral damages to the areas controlled by the spinal cord

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21
Q

Szs

A

Abnormal electrical activity of brain that causes abnormal physical manifestations; often caused by febrile sz in pediatrics, epilepsy in adults, or EtOH withdrawals;

May lead to syncope & Postictal confusion, inury, LOC, headaches, nausea, HTN, incontinence

***is treated with keppra & depakote

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22
Q

Belll’s Palsy

A

Drooping of one side of the facial muscles due to damage to the Vagus nerve or infection by STD.

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23
Q

Cephalgia/HA

A

Various causes; HTN, hypoglycemia, meningitis, hemorrhagic CVA, Sz, sinusitis;

Can be pressure, throbbing, sharp pain

24
Q

AMS

A

Decreased responsiveness of pt due to intoxication (drug, EtOH), infection (UTI specially in the elderly population), hypoglycemia, neurological malfunctionings (meningitis & dementia)

25
Q

Syncope

A

Syncope or Near Syncope; Refers to loss of consciousness from temporary lack of blood circulation to the brain that could be triggered by hypovolemia, dehydration or rarely by cardiac and neurological problems.

26
Q

Vertigo

A

Dizziness that maybe caused by inner ear problems or brain damage from CVA

Can be characterized with lack of balance, tinnitus, and worsened with head movement if problem is the inner ear

Can be tested with Romberg, HA nystagmus

27
Q

Appendicitis

A

A disease of the RLQ in which infection and inflammation of the appendix may lead to rupture of the appendix and to the infection of the abd lining—

It is associated with McBurney’s point tenderness which is in RLQ

It worsens with movement, involves a constant pain that starts gradually and triggers loss of appetite

28
Q

SBO

A

A disease of the peri-umbilical region of the abd, is defined as blockage of the small intestine and is associated with excruciating abd pain, gaurding, rebound, distention of the abd, Tympany, abnormal bowel sounds, and tenderness along with Vomiting and constipation.

It can be diagnosed with CAT PO contrast or with AAS.

Often found in eldery, infants, abd surgery postop pts, and pts with narcotic drug usage

29
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gallbladder stones formed by crystalization of the bile produced by the liver; can cause irritation, inflammation and obstruction the gallbladder; worsens with eating fatty foods; taking deep breaths & palpation; pain is sharp

Is associated with Murphy’s Sign

*diagnosed with US

30
Q

GI Bleed

A

Hemorrhages of the GI tract can lead to bleeding and cause anemia

Is characterized by Hematemesis, Melena, Coffee Ground Emesis & Hematochezia.

Is associated with lightheadedness, general weakness, abd pain, rectal pain, SOB, pallor, pale conjunctiva, and tachycardia

31
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation and infection of small pockets in the large intestine that may form due to advanced age. is localized to LLQ.

Commonly causes N/V/D and can be diagnosed with CTA PO Contrast

32
Q

Pancreatitis

A

A disease of the LUQ and epigastric area, described as inflammation of the pancreas that can be caused by cholecystitis, EtOH abuse, or intake of certain meds.

Can cause N/V and tenderness of LUQ & epigastric area
and can be diagnosed with elevated lipase levels.

33
Q

GERD

A

Burning of the epigastric area caused by regurgitation of stomach acid into the esophagus;
can be diagnosed clinically and treated with GI cocktail that neutralizes the acid as a base.

34
Q

C. Diff Collitis

A

Bacterial infection of the GI tract that cause diarrhea

35
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Viral or bacterial infection of the GI tract that cause v/d; commonly known as GI bug

36
Q

Croh’s disease

A

an IBD that causes diarrhea and abd pain due to immune attack

37
Q

IBS

A

Irritation of the bowls that cause diarrhea

38
Q

Gastritis

A

Irritated Stomach with vomiting (stomach-ache)

39
Q

4 GI disorders causing diarrhea

A
  1. C-Diff. Collitis
  2. Crohn’s disease
  3. IBS
  4. Gastroenteritis-GI bug

((((Gastitis causes vomiting not diarrhea)

40
Q

UTI

A

Infection of the urinary tract causing urgency, frequency in urinating malodorous urine along with dysuria;

Often in the elderly population; diagnosed with urine dip or urinalysis and with tenderness of the suprapubic region.

41
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Infection of the kidney with pain in the flank areas, fever, N/V.

Population experiencing frequent UTI is more vulnerable to developing Pyelo.

Is diagnosed with Pel/abd CT without contrast and confirmed with CVA tenderness.

42
Q

Renal Calculi

A

CVA tenderness; irritation and bleeding of the ureter causing hematuria, N/V, sudden sharp pain radiating to the groin area and inability to urinate.

Dianosis can be done with either a CT of Abd/Pel without contrast or with RBC of UA

43
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

Development of fertilized egg in the fallopian tube; may cause death if not detected and tube ruptures;

Characterized by vaginal bleeding and lower abd pain.

Diagnosed with US of Pelvis.

44
Q

Ovarian Torsion

A

Twisting of ovarian artery that may cause ovarian infarct by reducing blood flow to the ovary; is characterized by pain and tenderness in the adnexal region (LLQ & RLQ) and can be diagnosed with US Pel

45
Q

Testicular Torsion

A

Twisting of spermatic cord resulting in infarct of testicles due to reduced blood flow to the scrotum; is characterized by swelling and tenderness of the testicles and can be dx with US scrotum

46
Q

Back Pain

A

often in the lumbar region causes sharp shooting pain in the lower extremity (sciatica) but no LE weakness; is often caused by trauma and can be concerning about damage to the spinal cord

47
Q

Extremity Injury

A

May cause pain and swelling; need to check for CSMT intact, no tendon/ligament laxity; and limited ROM secondary to pain

48
Q

AAA

A

Condition with widened, weakened artery that is in risk of rupture; is characterized with pulsating abd mass, abd bruit, hypotension, unequal femoral pulses; can be diagnosed with CT AP with IV contrast

49
Q

Aortic Dissection

A

Is described as separation of the chest muscle from the aortic membrane, putting it at risk of rupture;

It can be diagnosed with CT A/P with IV contrast and often causes severe chest pain piercing straight to the back.

Is also characterized with unequal radial or brachial pulses & hypotension.

50
Q

DVT

A

Blood clot in the LE as a result of slow moving blood in the long, straight veins of the LE; is associated with extreme pain and swelling; tenderness of the calves, homan’s sign; and can be diagnosed with US of LE.

51
Q

Cellulitis

A

Infection of the skin leading to its hardening, erethema, pain, edema, and induration and callor; is diagnosed clinically and treated with abx

52
Q

Abcess

A

Cellulitis with fluctuance; is characterized with fluctuance, induration, and purulent discharge; abscess is drained with I&D;

53
Q

Rash Types

A
  1. Urticaria (hives)
  2. Macules (flat)
  3. Papules (raised bumps)
  4. Vesicles (small blisters)
  5. Blanching (not dangerous)
  6. Petechaie (Dangerous rash)
  7. Purpura (dangerous Rash)
54
Q

Allergies

A

Localized or general bodily reactions to substances that it comes into contact with/ associated with rashes (Urticaria), itching, swelling (Edema & Angioedema), SOB

55
Q

DKA

A

It’s a condition where shortage of insulin leads to hyperglycemia and formation of ketones; it is characterized by a fuity smelling breath, DMM, persistent vomiting, polydipsia, polyuria, SOB, and tachypnea.

It can diagnosed with ABG or VBG levels that detect blood pH or acidosis or with positive serum ketones.

56
Q

Trauma (Physical Injury)

A

Can be characterized by MVA, fall, GSW; physically examined with GSC; diagnosed with CT or XR depending on MOI

Make note of LOC, headache, confusion, numbness, weakness, back/neck pain; or of SOB, CP, and Abd pain which can indicate injury to the internal organs.

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