PathoQuiz2

Question 1

What cells secrete IL1?

Answer 1

macrophages, B cells

Question 2

what cells does IL1 target?

Answer 2

T-cells, B cells and macrophages

Question 3

what do IL1 promote?

Answer 3

proinflammatory factor, puts body on alert stage. They call neutrophils to interstitial area though diapedesis

Question 4

what does IL2 promote?

Answer 4

T cell and NK proliferation

Question 5

what does IL10 promote?

Answer 5

Mostly antiviral

Question 6

What does TLR2 recognize and bind to?

Answer 6

peptidoglycans

Question 7

what pathogen does TLR2 mainly fight against?

Answer 7

gram positive bacteria

Question 8

What does TLR4 recognize and bind to?

Answer 8

lipopolysaccharides

Question 9

What pathogen does TLR4 mainly fight against?

Answer 9

gram negative bacteria

Question 10

What does TLR3 recognize and bind to?

Answer 10

Viral DNA

Question 11

what pathogen does TLR3 mainly fight against?

Answer 11

viruses

Question 12

epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor (EGF and TGF-alpha)

Answer 12

ERB B-2 and Her2 receptor over expressed in cancers and stimulate tumor growth

Question 13

hepatocyte growth factor

Answer 13

produced by endothelial cells and promote cell scattering and migration. enhance survival of hepatocytes (found in book)

Question 14

vascular endothelial growth factors

Answer 14

stimulate angiogenesis in chronic inflammation and is secreted with any abnormal blood flow

Question 15

platelet derived growth factor

Answer 15

cause migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, smooth muscle and monocytes

Question 16

fibroblast growth factors

Answer 16

angiogenesis, wound repair (macrophage, fibroblast and endothelial cell migration in damaged tissues and migration of epithelium to form new epidermis)

Question 17

transforming growth factor (TGF-beta)

Answer 17

growth inhibitor for epithelial cells and leukocytes (decreases inflammation since less leukocytes), growth stimulator for fibroblasts, anti-inflammatory

Question 18

what are the characteristics of 2nd intention healing of cutaneous wound?

Answer 18

ulcers, wide wounds, neutrophils. Fibroblasts are called, Epidermis and dermis proportions are not the same. The larger the wound the greater the contraction

Question 19

Granulation tissue

Answer 19

Fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells proliferate in the first 24 to 72 hours of the repair process to form a specialized type of tissue called granulation tissue, which is a hallmark of tissue repair. The term derives from its pink, soft, granular appearance on the surface of wounds. Its characteristic histologic feature is the presence of new small blood vessels (angiogenesis) and the proliferation of fibroblasts (Fig. 3-21). These new vessels are leaky, allowing the passage of plasma proteins and fluid into the extravascular space.

Question 20

“Patching” steps

Answer 20

1. Initial injury leads to Induction of an inflammatory process
2. Removal of damaged and dead tissue
3. Proliferation and migration of parenchymal and connective tissue cells
4. Leads to the formation of new blood vessels (angioneogenesis) and granulation tissue (3-4 days)
5. Synthesis of ECM proteins and collagen deposition
6. Tissue remodeling (can last a year in a bad cut, in a bone it can last 3 years)
7. Wound contraction
8. Acquisition of wound strength (never reaches the quality of initial tissue)

Question 21

what are the characteristics of 1st intention healing of cutaneous wound?

Answer 21

wounds that are narrow and deep, dense collagen deposition

Question 22

labile

Answer 22

constantly cycling aka stratified squamous, transitional cells of urinary tract, columar of GI, bone marrow

Question 23

quescent

Answer 23

remain in Go until they need to proliferate aka hepatocytes and renal cells

Question 24

Three types of chronic bronchitis? although most pts have a mix of the three

Answer 24

simple (uncomplicated), asthmatic, and obstructive

Question 25

major components of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 25

hypersecretion of mucous in large airway, goblet cell hypertrophy, clustering of pigmented alveolar macrophages, inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis of bronchial wall with hyperemia and swelling of mucous membrane

Question 26

What are the different types of rhinitis?

Answer 26

viral, allergic (and fungal), and bacterial

Question 27

What is allergic rhinitis mediated by? and what would you see in their blood work?

Answer 27

IgE mediated and an increase eosinophils and/or basophils

Question 28

what could a chronic treatment resistance to rhinitis and sinusitis be caused by?

Answer 28

fungi

Question 29

what is epiglottitis typically caused by?

Answer 29

H. influenza

Question 30

what is sinusitis?

Answer 30

inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

Question 31

why is sinusitis bad?

Answer 31

short distance to the brain

Question 32

3 types of laryngitis?

Answer 32

infectious, irritants and overuse

Question 33

what is cylindrical bronchiectasis?

Answer 33

a large evenly dilated tube

Question 34

what is saccular bronchiectasis?

Answer 34

when one portion of the tube is dilated

Question 35

what is bronchiectasis?

Answer 35

abnormal dilated bronchi and bronchioles, filled with mucus and neutrophils; Inflammation and necrosis of the bronchial walls, fibrosis of alveoli.

Question 36

three types of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 36

simple, asthmatic and obstructive

Question 37

what is simple (uncomplicated) chronic bronchitis?

Answer 37

productive cough but no airway obstructions

Question 38

what is asthmatic chronic bronchitis?

Answer 38

intermittent airway constrictions and wheezing

Question 39

what is obstructive chronic bronchitis?

Answer 39

evidence of chronic airway obstruction