Patient assessment and preparation

Question 1

What is implied consent?

Answer 1

When a patient is in need of immediate medical services and the patient is unconscious and/or physically unable to consent treatment

Question 2

Describe the level of consciousness:

Lethargic

Answer 2

Patient appears drowsy but can be aroused

Question 3

Describe the level of consciousness:

Obtunded

Answer 3

Patient is in a depressed level of consciousness and may not be easily aroused from a state of confusion

Question 4

Describe the level of consciousness:

Stupor

Answer 4

Patient is near unresponsiveness (semicomatose)

Question 5

Describe the level of consciousness:

Coma

Answer 5

Completely unresponsive to stimuli

Question 6

Describe the normal range for the following vital sign:

Temperature

Answer 6

97.7 - 99.5 F

Question 7

Describe the normal range for the following vital sign:

Pulse (Adults & kids)

Answer 7

Adults 60 - 100 beats per minute

Kids 70 - 120 beats per minute

Question 8

Describe the normal range for the following vital sign:

Blood pressure

Answer 8

Systolic should be < 120 mmHg

Diastolic should be < 80 mmHg

Question 9

Describe the normal range for the following vital sign:

Respiration (Adults and Kids)

Answer 9

Adults 12 - 20 breaths per minute

Kids 20 - 30 breaths per minute

Question 10

Systolic pressure is when the heart _________.

a. Contracts
b. Relaxes

Answer 10

a. Contraction

Question 11

Diastolic pressure is when the heart _________.

a. Contracts
b. Relaxes

Answer 11

b. Relaxes

Question 12

Which device measures the pulse/respiration rate?

a. EKG
b. Pulse oximeter
c. Blood pressure cuff

Answer 12

b. Pulse oximeter

Question 13

What is the definition of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 13

Series of blood flow - related events that occur from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next

Question 14

What determines the patients heart rate?

Answer 14

Frequency of the cardiac cycle

Question 15

What is an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

Answer 15

Graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart. It is used particularly during cardiac CT procedures to evaluate the heart rhythm and cycle.

Question 16

The cardiac cycle can be divided into 3 stages:

a. Atrial systole
b. Ventricular systole
c. complete cardiac diastole

Describe each one

Answer 16

a. the contraction of the left and right atria; P WAVE
b. the contraction of the left and right ventricles; QRS
c. Period of relaxation of the heart; consists of ventricular and atrial diastole; T WAVE

Question 17

patients with slower heart rates = longer diastolic phases = higher quality cardiac CT exams
What can we give to a patient to calm the heart rate down?

Answer 17

B-blockers; 65 bpm is the preferred rate

Question 18

What pharmaceutical can you give the patient to dilate the coronary vessels to improve their visualization on the CT images?

Answer 18

Sublingual nitroglycerine

Question 19

Define Hypoxemia

Answer 19

Condition whereby the patient suffers from a low concentration of oxygen in the blood.

Question 20

Define Hypoxia

Answer 20

Insufficient oxygenation of tissue at the cellular level

Question 21

Define ataxia

Answer 21

Loss f muscular coordination

Question 22

Define pulmonary hypertension

Answer 22

Increased blood pressure in the pulmonary vasculature

Question 23

Define an oxygen flow meter

Answer 23

valve used to control the rate of oxygen gas delivery in LPM (Liters per minute); can be mounted on the wall or attached to a portable cylinder

Question 24

What is a nasal cannula?

Answer 24

2 pronged tube inserted into the nose for delivery of oxygen; used to deliver 1-5 LPM of oxygen

Question 25

What is the flow rate for a simple oxygen mask?

Answer 25

6 LPM

Question 26

What is a thoracostomy tube? | What is it used for?

Answer 26

Another name for chest tube; place to drain fluid from the intrapleural space (pleural effusion, hemothorax, pneumothorax)

Question 27

What is the difference between a foley catheter and a straight type catheter?

Answer 27

``` Foley catheter (in-dwelling) includes a balloon that is inflated after insertion to keep in place Straight-type is used for temporary drainage purposes ```

Question 28

What is the normal BUN level? | Blood urea nitrogen

Answer 28

7-25 mg/dL

Question 29

What is the normal range for creatinine

Answer 29

0.5 - 1.5 mg/dL

Question 30

What is the normal range for GFR? | Glomerular filtration rate

Answer 30

Greater than 90-120 indicates normal kidney function

Question 31

Which lab value is a more accurate measurement of renal function

Answer 31

GFR

Question 32

Define Prothrombin time (PT) and what the normal range is.

Answer 32

Measure of blood coagulation | Normal range is 12-15 seconds

Question 33

What is the normal range for INR?

Answer 33

0.8 - 1.2

Question 34

Define Partial Thromboplastin time (PTT) and the normal range

Answer 34

Lab value that detects abnormalities in blood clotting; normal range for clotting time is 25-35 seconds

Question 35

What is the normal range for platelets?

Answer 35

140,000 - 440,000 per mm of blood

Question 36

What is D-dimer testing used for?

Answer 36

this test is used for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

Question 37

What scan will result if the D-dimer is elevated?

Answer 37

CT angiography of the pulmonary arteries

Question 38

What is medication reconciliation?

Answer 38

process of reviewing the patients medication record at all points of care, including admission, transfer of service and discharge

Question 39

What is another name fore coumadin and what is it used for?

Answer 39

Generic drug name is warfarin, which is an anticoagulant; this drug is used to prevent the formation of blood clots in veins and arteries and may reduce the incidence of heart attack an stroke

Question 40

What is another name for metformin and what is it used for?

Answer 40

Glucophage; this drug is used to treat type 2 diabetes

Question 41

How long should a patient withheld metformin after receiving contrast

Answer 41

up to 2 days after

Question 42

What drug can be given for anxiety? | Give a few examples.

Answer 42

``` Anxiolytic Benzodiazepines are a class of anxiolytic -valium -Xanax -Klonopin -Ativan ```

Question 43

Define osmolality

Answer 43

Describes the agents propensity to cause fluid from outside the blood vessel to move into the bloodstream