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CDM 1 Exam 1 > Patient Assessment Values > Flashcards

Patient Assessment Values Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

Vital Signs 4 + 2

A

Temp
Blood Pressure
Heart Rate
Respiratory Rate

+
Oxygen Saturation
Pain

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2
Q

hypothermia temp

A

< 96.9F or 36C

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3
Q

Hyperthermia temp

A

> 100.4F or 38C

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4
Q

Temp conversion

A

(C* 1.8)+ 32

(F-32)/ 1.8

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5
Q

Systolic BP

A

Peak pressure in arteries

N: 120, R 100 - 140

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6
Q

Diastolic BP

A

Lowest Arterial Pressure

N: 80, R 70-90

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7
Q

Hypotensive BP

A

S <100 or D <70

or both

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8
Q

Normotensive BP

A

S 100-139 and D 70-89

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9
Q

Hypertensive BP

A

S > 140 or D > 90

or both

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10
Q

Reference Range HR

A

60 to 100 bpm

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11
Q

Bradycardia HR

A

< 60 bpm

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12
Q

Tachycardia HR

A

> 100 bpm

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13
Q

Reference Range Respiratory Rate (RR)

A

14 to 18 breath/min

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14
Q

Referemce Range O2 Sat

A

92 - 100% on Room air

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15
Q

Actual Body Weight

A

Wt Lbs / 2.2 = KG

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16
Q

Ideal Body Weight

A

Men: 50 + 2.3 (# of in over 5f)
Women: 45.5 + 2.3(# of in over 5f)

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17
Q

Metabolic Profile Chart Thingy

A

Na, Cl, Bun
—————– Glucose
K, HCO3, Cr

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18
Q

Sodium

A

R: 135 - 146 MEQ/L

Found predominantly in Extracellular fluid
Abnormalities usually result of change in water homeostasis

Fluid imbalances can be caused by volume overload (HF/LF) or volume depletion (V/ Blood loss)

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19
Q

Hypernatremia

A

> 146 MEQ/L

Sodium gain most common cause’Occurs secondary to intake of high-Na containing products (0.9 NaCL, antibiotics like oxacillin)

Typically asymptomatic, but muscle spasm may occur

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20
Q

Hyponatremia

A

< 135 MEQ/L

typically caused by loss of sodium, gain of water or both

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21
Q

Hyponatremia Symptoms

A

Fatigue
confusion
muscle weakness/spasm
and coma in serious case

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22
Q

Hyponatremia Sodium causes

A

Excess sweating, nausea/vomiting, medication (diuretics), or shifting from extra to intracellular spaces.

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23
Q

Hyponatremia Water Gain

A

Increased intake

SIAD which incur water retention

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24
Q

Potassium

A

R 3.4-5.2 MEQ/L

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25
Hypokalemia
<3.4 MEQ/L Typically caused by fluid loss Bleeding, diarrhea, diuresis, vomiting Poop can have 40-60 mEq/L of K
26
Hyperkalemia range Typical cause and induced by
>5.2 MEQ/L Typically caused by renal dysfunction (Decrease clrance) May be drug induced (ACEi,ARB,Ksparing Diuretics)
27
Hypo-, Hyperkalemia Symptoms and Signs
Muscle Weakness Dysrhythmias can be induced
28
Chloride
R 98-110 MEQ/L
29
Hypochloremia Cause and symptoms
< 98 MEQ/L Cause: Diuretic use, vomiting May cause muscle excitability and tremors
30
Hyperchloremia | Range, cause, symptoms
> 110 MEQ/L Cause: Diuretic use, vomiting May cause weakness and Lethargy
31
Bicarbonate
R 24-32 MEQ/L Marker of Acid/base balance
32
Hypobicarbonatemia
<24 MEQ/L may indicate acidotic process (Metabolic, diabetic ketoacidosis) or OD of ethylene, methanol, salicylates
33
hyperbicarbonatemia
> 32 MEQ/L levels may indicate long term COPD or alkaloid process
34
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
R 7-23 MG/DL waste product from production of ammonia by liver healthy kidney can filter and remove this via urine
35
Low BUN levels may indicate
Liver Disease/Damage | Malnutrition
36
High BUN levels may indicate
Renal Disease/damage dehydration high protein intake
37
Serum Creatinine (SCR)
0.5 - 1.1 MG/DL waste product produced mostly by muscle metabolism
38
Low Scr can indicate
Lack of nutrition | muscle disease
39
high Scr can indicate
Renal Disease/damage | excess muscle mass
40
Glucose (Glu)
R 70-100 Mg/DL regulated by insulin and glucagon
41
Glucose level <60 mg/dl can...
induce somnolence and coma
42
Glucose level >125 mg/dl can...
indicate impairment and may lead to diagnosis of diabetes
43
Serum Calcium (CA)
R 8.4 - 10.4 Mg/DL Regulated by Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone 99% stored Skeleton and teeth 40% bound to serum albumin
44
Hypocalcemia Causes
< 8.4 mg/DL Poor calcium intake and/or Vitamin D deficiency Hypoparathyroidism
45
Hypocalcemia Symptoms/side effects
Paraesthesia Tetany QTc Prolongation/ Arrhythmias
46
Hypercalcemia Causes
> 10.4 mg/DL Malignancy due to bone metastases Hyperparathyroidism Renal insufficiency
47
Hypercalcemia Symptoms/ side effects
"Bones, stones, groans and psychic moans" ``` Lytic lesions Urinary calculi Malaise N/V Mental Status Changes (Confusion, depression) ```
48
Components of Serum Calcium
Albumin Bound Calcium (40%) ionized (free) Calcium ( 45%) Salt-bound calcium (15%)
49
Serum vs Ionized Calcium
Changes in serum calcium can be due to any one of the 3 features (Albumin, Ionized, salt bound) Not as sensitive as changes in serum calcium can be seen with no alteration to ionized calcium ?????????
50
Ionized calcium
only fluctuates with changes in parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels C Range: 4.4-6 mg/dL A Range: 4.4 - 5.3 mg/dL
51
Corrected serum Ca calc
Observed serum Ca + 0.8(4-serum albumin)
52
Phoshate
R 2.4 - 4.4 MG/DL
53
Hypophosphatemia
< 2.4 mg/DL Moderate: 1-2.5 mg/DL Severe < 1mg/DL
54
Hypophosphatemia Causes
Inadequate dietary intake Hyperparathyroidism (Inc excretion0 DKA = Diabetic ketoacidosis
55
Hypophosphatemia Symptoms/Side effects
Muscle Weakness/dysfunction | Mental Status changes
56
Hyperphosphatemia
> 4.4 mg/DL
57
Hyperphosphatemia Causes
Common renal failure
58
Calcium Phosphate Product
Ca X PO4 If product is >55 in CKD, precipitation occurs and lytic lessons form
59
Magnesium
R 1.6 - 2.6 mg/dl
60
Hypomagnesemia
< 1.6 mg/dL
61
Hypomagnesemia causes
V, diarrhea, diuretics often coincides with hypokalemia, replace Mg along with K
62
Hypomagnesemia Symptoms/Side effects
N,V, and EKG changes
63
Hypermagnesemia
> 2.6 mg/DL
64
Hypermagnesemia Causes
Excessive magnesium intake or renal failure
65
Hypermagnesemia Symptoms/Side effects
Sedation, N/V, decreased reflexes and EKG changes
66
AST/ALT
R 0-35 IU/L Increase may indicate injury (hepatitis or cirrhosis)
67
Meds that can cause increase AST/ALT are..
Statins TZDs EtOH
68
Alkaline Phosphatase
R 30-120 U/L increases may indicate an obstruction (Liver/biliary) or bone disease/breakdown (Paget's disease)
69
Lactate Dehydrogenase
R 50-150 U/L increases may indicate some type of liver dysfunction almost always increases post MI within 10/12hr
70
If total bilirubin increase > 2mg/dl then...
jaundice can develop
71
Bilirubin
total: 0.1-1 mg/dl Direct: 0-0.2mg/dl
72
Hyperbilirubinemia
Prehepatic (hemolysis) Hepatic (defective removal of bilirubin from blood or conjugation) Posthepatic or cholestatic (obstruction)
73
Albumin
R 3.5-5 G/DL marker of true hepatic function
74
3 Major functions of Albumin
controlling oncotic pressure in plasma Transporting amino acids synthesized in liver to other tissues Transporting poorly soluble ligands
75
Amylase & Lipase
0-130 IU/L 0-160 IU/L enzymes secreted b pancreas for breakdown increase after onset of acute pancreatitis in most patients
76
INR
R 0.8-1.2 Measure clotting tendency of blood prolonged in those receiving warfarin, or liver damage
77
Complete blood count includes
Hgb Hct WBCs RBCs
78
HgB range
Males: 14-18 g/DL Females: 12-16 g/dL
79
Platelets range
140-400 x 10^3 m/l
80
Hct
39-49% males | 33-43% females
81
WBC
3.2-9.8 10^3 cells
82
Anemia occurs when....
Hgb,HcT, and/or RBC decrease
83
Neutrophils
60% of WBC increase: infection, tissue destruction, inflam disease, stress, steroids decrease: cancer, post chemo, side effects of drugs
84
Absolute neutrophil count
WBC * % Neutrophils
85
Bands
5% of WBC increase in response to acute infection left shift = bands >5%
86
Lymphs
30% of WBC
87
moncytes
7% of WBC increase in subacute bacterial endocarditis, malaria, TB, recovery phase form infection, initial recovery from chemo
88
Eosinophils
make up 3% of WBC
89
Basophils
Make up <1% of WBC maybe increased in chronic inflam and leukemia
90
Cockcroft and Gault Equation
use IBW unless patients ABW is less, then use ABW ((140-age)X(IBW))/(72XSCr) X 0.85 if women
91
Hematology Chart thing
\ HgB / WBC----------- Platelets / Hct \

CDM 1 Exam 1 (14 decks)

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