Patient Care Flashcards
(182 cards)
1
Q
Consent may be given these 3 ways
A
Informed, oral or implied
2
Q
What type of procedure would need informed consent
A
Anything that creates a new entrance into the body (IV contrast)
3
Q
What Act is responsible for confidentiality
A
HIPAA
4
Q
Right to refuse medical treatment including radiographic procedure applies to patient _____
A
Autonomy
5
Q
In what sequence should exams be ordered
A
- Anything no requiring contrast media
- Lab studies for iodine uptake
- Urinary Tract exams
- Biliary Tract exams
- Lower GI (BE)
- Upper GI
6
Q
In what order should patient waiting times be prioritized
A
- Emergency pts
- Fasting pts
- Peds & Geriatrics that are NPO
- Diabetics putting off insulin due to NPO
7
Q
What needs to be in the order
A
- Pt name
- Exact part
- Pt diagnoses
- Ordering physician
- Date of requisition
8
Q
The threat of touching in an injurious manner
A
Assault
9
Q
An unlawful touching of a person without consent
A
Battery
10
Q
When the confidentiality of the pt is not maintained
A
Invasion of privacy
11
Q
An injustifiable detention of a person against their will
A
False imprisonment
12
Q
The neglect or omission of reasonable care and caution
A
Negligence
13
Q
Defamation by written or printed words
A
Libel
14
Q
Defamation by spoken words
A
Slander
15
Q
An intentional or unintentional act resulting in injury to a pt
A
Tort
16
Q
When a pt is injuried due to error caused by the health care provider
A
Malpractice
17
Q
The doing of goodness, kindness or charity, including all actions to benefit others
A
Beneficence
18
Q
Let the master answer
A
Respondeat superior
19
Q
The thing speaks for itself - requires the defendant to prove their innocence
A
Res ispa loquitur
20
Q
Do you need a physicians order to use restraints
A
Yes
21
Q
Mandatory standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct for all present RTs & Candidates
A
Rules of Ethics
22
Q
Modes of communication
A
Verbal & non verbal
Attitudes, tone, volume
Eye contact, touching, facial expressions, appearance
23
Q
A sensitivity to the needs of others that allows you to meet those needs in a constructive manner
A
Empathy
24
Q
A calm firm expression of feelings or opinions, good to use whenever working with a reluctant pt
A
Assertiveness
25
5 steps of grieving
Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression & Acceptance
DABDA
26
Uses an xray beam to record predetermined planes in the body
CT
27
Uses radio frequency and a magnetic field to produce sectional images of the body
MRI
28
Uses an xray beam to produce images of the breast
Mammo
29
Uses ultrasonic waves directed into tissues to visualize deep structures of the body
Ultrasound
30
Introduces radioactive substances into the body for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes
Nuc Med
31
Uses dual energy xray absorption to detect osteoporosis
DEXA - bone densitometry
32
Rules of Body mechanics - how to lift
- Wide stance
- load balanced
- avoid twisting
- back straight & bend at knees
- push rather than pull a heavy object
- pull a pt onto a table tho
33
Swan Ganz Catheter
Catheter used to diagnose right and left ventricular failure and pulmonary disorders, & to monitor the effects of specific medications - tip places in the pulmonary artery
34
What is the flow rate of O2 through a nasal cannula
21-60% O2 with a flow of 1-6 L/min
35
O2 flow rate w oxygen mask
Greater than 5 L/min
36
Non rebreather mask
Plastic reservoir bag should never be completely flat
37
O2 tent
Used on Pediatrics
38
Uses weights to apply a mechanical pulling or traction for therapeutic reasons, long bones, lumbar and cervical spine injuries
Orthopedic traction
39
Surgical opening cut in the trachea to create an airway
Tracheostomy
40
Tube used for feeding or gastric suction
NG Tube
41
Tube that goes into the intestine for purpose of aspirating gas and fluid in the intestinal tract following surgery
Nasoenteric Tubes
42
Used to remove fluid or free air from the pleural cavity
Closed chest drainage
43
Used for the drainage and collection of urine
Urinary catheters
44
How high does the IV bag need to be hung above the vein
At least 18 inches
45
Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope
BP equipment
46
Pulse rate
60-100 bpm
47
Pulse palpation sites
Temporal artery
Carotid artery
Radial artery
Femoral artery
Dorsal pedis artery
48
Fast heart rate - greater than 100 bpm
Tachycardia
49
Slow heart rate - less than 60 bpm
Bradycardia
50
# that Represents pressure created during contraction of ventricle
Systolic
51
# representing pressure with heart at rest
Diastolic
52
Hypertension
High BP - above 140 systolic or 90 diastolic
53
Hypotension
Low BP - below 95 systolic or 60 diastolic
54
BP range
110-140/60-80
55
Adults respiration
12-20/min
56
Child Respiration
30-60/min
57
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing
58
Bradypnea
Slow breathing
59
Apnea
Cessation of breathing
60
Closed fracture
Not broken the skin
61
Open fracture
Penetrated the skin
62
Displaced fracture
Not anatomically aligned
63
Nondisplaced fracture
Still in normal alignment
64
Compression fracture
In vertebra only
65
Impacted fracture
Driven into one another
66
Overriding fracture
Weight bearing bones only (EX Colles)
67
Comminuted fracture
More than 2 fragments
68
Incomplete fracture
Greenstick
69
Transverse fracture
Angled
70
Compound fracture
Open fracture
71
Linear fracture
72
Running down the bone
73
Depression fracture
Skull
74
Subluxation
Dislocation
75
Apple core appearance
Appearances in colon cancer
76
Padgetts disease
Areas of bone breakdown, bone enlargement & deformity
77
Boxers fracture
Fracture in the neck of the 5th metacarpal
78
Avulsion fracture
Bone is pulled away by soft tissue that it’s attached to
79
Colles fracture
Distal radius/ulna fracture with fracture pushed in front of hand
80
Smith fracture
Distal radius/ulna fracture with fracture pushed behind hand
81
Cardiac vs respiratory arrest
Cardiac - blood flow stops
Respiratory- breathing stops
82
CPR steps
- determine unresponsive
- call 911
- get AED
- send for assistance if possible
- if no pulse, 30 compressions & 2 breaths
- if pulse, one breath every 5-6 seconds
83
Syncope
Fainting
84
What is the most common medical emergency encountered by technologists
Fainting
85
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar
86
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar
87
Onset of hyperglycemia and hylpoglycemia
Hyperglycemia- slowly
Hypoglycemia- rapidly
88
Petite mal seizure
May not be apparent to the technologist
89
Grand mal seizure
Major motor seizure
90
Arterial blood - apply compression where
On site or proximal to the site between it & heart
91
Venous blood - apply compression where
At site or distal to the site away from heart
92
Orthostatic hypotension
Faint or lightheaded feeling when a pt is moved into an upright position
93
Epistaxis
Nose bleeds
94
Sensation of a loss of balance
Vertigo
95
Breathing disorder characterized by wheezing and difficulty breathing
Asthma
96
Steps for fire Evacuation
Race
Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish
97
Steps for putting fire out
Pass
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep
98
Deals with reducing the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted to a susceptible individual
Medical asepsis - clean
99
Complete removal of all organisms and their spores from the equipment used to perform pt care or procedures
Surgical asepsis - sterile
100
First level of medical asepsis
Cleanliness/Sanitation
101
2nd level of medical asepsis
Equipment Disinfection
102
Third & highest level of medical asepsis
Equipment sterilization
103
An inanimate object that has made contact with an infectious organism
Fomite
104
Transmission of an infectious agent that is indirect by means of a fomite that touches a persons body or is ingested
Vehicles
105
Typically an arthropod - mosquito, flea, tick
Vector
106
Hospital acquired infection
Nosocomial infection
107
Physician caused infection
Iatrogenic infection
108
Infection from an unknown cause
Ideopathic infection
109
Chain of infection
Infectious agent - reservoir- portal of exit - mode of transmission - portal of entry - susceptible host
110
For a sterile procedure, how long do you hand wash for
5 minutes
111
Bleach ratio mixture for disinfectant use
1:10 ratio with water
112
Opening a sterile tray - flaps
Open furthest one away from you first to avoid leaning over the tray once it’s open
113
Methods of sterilization - boiling
12 minutes
114
Methods of sterilization - dry heat
1-6 hours at temps 329-338°F
115
Methods of sterilization - gas sterilization
Used on electric, plastic & rubber items
116
Autoclaving
Steam sterilization
117
Chemical sterilization used where
On items that cannot withstand heat
118
Ionizing radiation sterilization
Used in commercial sterilization
119
Microwaves/Non ionizing radiation sterilization
Uses low pressure steam and microwaves to produce heat
120
Is alcohol a disinfectant
No - it’s a antiseptic which prevents the growth but does not kill them
121
Acid-Fast Bacilli protocol
Used for TB pts with positive sputum culture - N95 required on top of gown & gloves
122
Neutropenic precautions
Reverse isolation - used on pts w compromised immune systems which are very limited
123
Responsibilities when working with pts in isolation (Clean Tech/Dirty Tech)
One tech works the equipment while the other the IR/pt. Clean equipment immediately outside pt room
124
Material Safety Data Sheet
MSDS - tells everything about the product - handling precautions, safe uses of product, cleanup & disposal
125
The best predicator of a possible reaction to contrast is what
A history of previous allergic reaction
126
What percent of pts experience some type of reaction
5% - 5% of that 5% have sever or life threatening reactions
127
IV push injection is also called what
Bolus injection
128
Six rights of drug administration
Right:
Patient
Drug
Amount
Route
Time
Documentation
129
Infusion administration is also called
An IV drip
130
Steps for IV
- Wash hands
- Verify pt ID
- explain process
- get supplies
- put on gloves
- find vein & clean
- tourniquet
- stabilize the vein
- insert needle & check backflow
- remove tourniquet & inject
- properly dispose of needle
- chart
131
Maximum allowable volume of Iv iodine is what
300 mL
132
If a pt has renal insufficiency, IV contrast should not exceed what
5 x weight in kg/creatinine/mL
133
How to convert lbs to Kg
1 kg = 2.2046 lbs
134
Sites for venous catheters or needles
Antecubital vein (most common)
Basilic vein (back of the hand is second most common)
135
What does positive contrast do to the body in terms of X-ray
Alters the selected organs ability to attenuate the xray beam - affects subject contrast
136
What does negative contrast do to the body in terms of X-ray
Uses gases to reduce the ability of the structures to attenuate the beam
137
Water soluble contrast
May be ionic or nonionic
138
Oil based contrast
Not commonly used - is slowly absorbed into the body
139
Kvp when using iodinated contrast
Usually 80 or less in order to not penetrate the contrast
140
Ionic vs non ionic contrast
Ionic dissociates into two molecules & non ionic doesn’t.
Nonionic decreases the chance of reaction.
141
Osmolarity vs risk
The increase in osmolarity = an increase in risk or reaction. Ionic has a higher osmolarity than nonionic
142
Thickness of contrast media
Viscosity
143
Barium used when
Doesn’t need to be absorbed by the body - cannot be used if bowel perf is suspected
144
Kvp range for barium usage
100-125 kvp for single contrast
Above 90 for double contrast
145
Gastrografin
Used whenever bowel perf is suspected - water soluble iodine based contrast that can be administered orally or through NG tube
146
Considerations or factor that would alter the type or amount of contrast used
Pt condition (EX perforated bowel)
Age
Weight
Medication
Renal function
147
Creatinine normal range
.7-1.3 mg/dL
148
BUN normal value
8-25 mg/dL
149
GFR normal value
90-120 mL/min/1.7 m squared
150
Do diabetics have compromised kidneys
Yes
151
When fluid infuses the tissue surrounding the venipuncture site
Infiltration AKA extravasation
152
Drug capable of causing tissue necrosis
Vesicant
153
Inflammation of the veins
Phlebitis
154
Introduction of air into a vein
Air embolism
155
A general term used to describe a failure of circulation in which blood pressure is inadequate to support oxygen perfusion of vital tissues and is unable to remove the by products of metabolism
Shock
156
Shock resulting from external hemorrhage, lacerations or plasma loss due to burns
Hypovolemic
157
Shock resulting from massive infection
Septic
158
Shock resulting from a pt suffering head or spinal trauma ending in a failure of arterial resistance
Neuogenic shock
159
Shock resulting from cardiac failure
Cardiogenic shock
160
Results from being injected with a foreign protein, stings or iodinated media
Allergic or anaphylaxis
161
Urticaria AKA
Hives
162
Symptoms of contrast reaction
- Restlessness
- Increase pulse
- Pallor, weakness &/or change in thinking ability
- cool clammy skin
- drop in BP (can be with itching, flushing, & shortness of breath)
163
Examples of mild reactions
Nausea, vomiting, hives, itching, sneezing, extravasation, vasovagal response such as fear, exhibited by weakness, dizziness, sweating and feeling of passing out
164
What to do for extravasation
Provide a warm towel
165
Examples of moderate reaction
Excessive hives, tachycardia, giant hives, excessive vomiting - call for medical assistance
166
Examples of severe reactions
Any reaction involving life threatening situation - very low BP, convulsions, arrest, cyanosis, profound shock - call for immediate assistance
167
Xylocaine use
Arrhythmias
168
Decadron use
Allergic reaction
169
Benadryl use
Allergic reaction
170
Atropine use
Bradycardia
171
Dilantin use
Seizures
172
Lasix use
Edema
173
Epinephrine use
Cardiac arrest & anaphylaxis
174
Sodium bicarbonate use
Metabolic acidosis
175
Nitroglycerin use
Angina - chest pain
176
Glucagon use
Smasmatic colon
177
Heparin use
Anticoagulant
178
Warfarin use
Anticoagulants
179
Coumadin use
Anticoagulants
180
Insulin use
Hyperglycemia
181
Metformin use
Hyperglycemia
182
Glucophage use
Hyperglycemia
