Please be very pre cautious, wash hands thoroughly and don PPE before entering my room. My tissues are very sensitive to the touch and to infection
Burn victim
I am nauseous and thirsty, have extreme abdominal pain. I Gould be NPO. I may go into shock at any time. Take X-rays quickly w/o a lot o movent
Acute abdominal distress
I am sweaty, clammy, irritable, intensely hungry, and confused. I need a glass of Oj, glucose tablets, or a candy bar
Hypoglycemic
My heart cannot supply enough blood o all of my body parts. Maybe due to trauma, drugs, severe allergy or injury, inadequate oxygen. My eyes are dull and dilated. My face is pale and my skin is cold and clammy. All vitals have dropped except for my heart rate. I may collapse or vomit. Keep me laying down with feed elevated and a warm blanket. NPO
Shock
Could be caused by a lot of things such as high fever, drug reaction, extreme stress. I may stare of into space or flail uncontrollably. Please protect me from injury
Seizure
I am constantly going to urinate. My skin is dry and I am thirsty all the time. I can’t seem to get enough air and my breath smells fruity. I am very susceptible to infection
Ketoacidosis / hypergylcemia
I’ve been jabbed by a knife in my forearm. My bandage is bright res and I feel faint. Please apply pressure with a sterile gauze for 10 or pressure to the brachial artery
Hemorrhage
Just had a hip replacement surgery. My mid chest is hurting and my pulse is rapid but weak. I feel I may faint
Blood clot/ deep vein thrombosis/ pulmonary embolus
I am wheezing very badly. Could be caused by anxiety or stress. I need a RT to sit me up and help me calm my breathing. My medication is in my coat pocket
Asthma
All of a sudden I have a severe headache. My right side has become weak and my right eye deviates to the right
Stroke / CVA (cerebra vascular accident)
I had abdominal surgery 2 days ago. I stood up for my crazy and experiences intense pain at my incision. My gown is all bloody and my intestines are spilling out
Dehiscence
I am unconscious without a pulse or respiration. I had severe chest pain that radiated down my left arm
Cardiac arrest
I have no pain but I cannot feel my ties or feet. There is a numbing feeling to my lower extremities. I’ve had an injury to what body part
Lower lumbar injury
Trouble breathing and neck veins are descended. My lips are turning blue and my hands are around my neck
Choking
My shoulders an arms are numb. I cannot feel my fingers or raise my arms. I have no hand grip. I can lift my head and my legs
Cervical vertebrae injury
What is the rate of infusion rule for an IV
10-20 drops/min
What must be the hight of the IV
18-24 in
What is an IVAC system and what does is monitor
Monitors flow
What are the common drugs PT will take before entering the rad dept
Insulin, nitroglycerin , Lasix, an glucagon
What two drugs do RTs help administer
Contrast media and sodium bicarbonate (also glucagon)
What are the common drugs RTs encounter in ER situations
Benadryl, adrenalin, atropine, inderal, and levophed
Methods of administering drugs (parenterally and other forms)
Oral, sublingual, topical, buccal, rectal, subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection , intravenous injection, drip infusion
What are the 7 different drug forms
Tablet, capsule, inhalant, suppository, solution, suspension, transdermal patch
What things can influence the effect a drug can have on an individual
Age, sex, time of day, weight
What are the properties of good contrast media
Non toxic Must interact with x rays (most important) Must easily be eliminated from body Must form a stable compound Viscosity Osmolarity (concentration) Ionic strength Ability to mix with blood (miscibility)
Properties of Barium Sulfate
3 forms; powder, liquid, paste Help in disease assessment Administer orally and rectally Non soluble in water Should not be use on pt with bowel obstruction or perforated viscous
Properties of iodinated contrast
Introduced in body orally or IV
Help in disease assessment
Readily absorbed and excreted by the kidneys
3 types aqueous, iodine a, iodized oils, and non aqueous iodine a
Dislocation
Displacement of the bone from the joint or place of motion
Signs and symptoms
Loss of movement pain deformity and swelling
Sprain
Stretching or tearing of ligaments at the joint Signs and symptoms Pain on movement Swelling Discoloration
Strain
Over stretch of a muscle or tendon Signs and symptoms Intense pain (burning sensation ) Moderate swelling Difficult or painful movement Discoloration
Fractures
Signs and symptoms Deformity Pop sound Pain or tenderness Ends rubbing Swelling and discoloration Loss of use Exposed bone ends
How do you care for a pt with a fracture
Immobilization
Keep injured bone ends and adjacent joints quiet
Signs an symptoms of skull/brain injury
Skull deformity
Blood or clear water like fluid in ears and nose
Discoloration of soft tissue under eyes
Unequal pupils
Compression/ventilation ratio for adult CPR
30:2 (1 1/2 - 2 in deep)
Collies fx
Fracture of the distal end of the radius w/ posterior dislocation
Blow out fx
Occurring at the floor of the orbit cause by a blow to the eye
Comminuted fx
Bone is splintered into several pieces
Compound fx
Bone protruding out of skin
Potts fx
Fracture of the lower part o the fibula with dislocation of the ankle joint
Rem and Sv
Dose equivalent
Rad and gray
Absorbed dose
Roentgen and c/k
Exposure in air
Curie and becquerl
Activity
When an RT reviews the exam request in relation to a students achievements, evaluates the patient condition in relation to the students knowledge, is present during the exam and reviews And approves the procedure and the images is acting in which of the following roles of supervision
Direct supervision
Symptoms of a spinal injury
Tingling and numbness
Inability to move toes or fingers
Pain on movement or no pain
Where should the heel of your hand be placed when doing chest compressions during CPR on an adult
One finger width above where the ribs and sternum meet
Obstructed airway technique
Used on choking victim to remove the obstruction from trachea
Reach around with one fist thumb side in above umbilical and below xiphoid process and with other hand over the first hand give quick and upward thrusts
For an unconscious victim the rescuer properly places hands and gives CPR chest thrust to increase intrathorAsic pressure
Cardinal principles of radiation protection
Use the maximum shielding w/o obscuring anatomy of interest
Use the shortest exposure time possible
not true*
Use the shortest distance possible from the primary beam
Order of exams that are to be performed on the same patient in the same day
Hand (w/o contrast)
Urography IVU (nuclear medicine/ Iodine)
Colon exam (barium sulfate)
UGI (oil based)
5 rights of drug administration
Right drug Right patient Right time Right dose Right route
What can be given to about who is highly allergic and is to receive a water soluble iodinated contrast media
Steroids and antihistime
Positive contrast agents are
White on radiograph and are radiopaque
What gland regulates body metabolism
Thyroid
Generally accepted customs, principals, or habits of right living and conduct in a society and an individual’s practice in relation to the these are….
Morals
Chain of command for an RT
RT, supervisor, assistant manager, administrative director of radiography, chief radiologist, medical director
The elements that the patient must prove in order to show proof of negligence are
A duty to the patient by the health care practitioners (standard of care)
Breech of duty by an act or by failing to preform some act
An injury
A relationship between injury and breech of duty
Special protection should be taken to prevent excessive exposure to
Ionizing radiation
The best ways to reduce stress are by
Controlling time
Thinking positively
Buffering stressors
When managing time practice self management which includes
Prioritizing
Setting limits
Providing for self care
The difference between right and wrong in regards to human conduct and character as known by natural reason
Ethics
T/F an RT X-rays a pts right hand when the request form asks for an X-ray of the right wrist. This is an example of breech of duty
True
T/F Hospitals and health care institutions in the United States are accredited by the American medical association
False
Ethnocentrism
Perception that ones own way is superior when viewing the world
Radiology and ___________ both mean the study of X-rays
Roentgenology
Maslows hierarchy of basic needs
Self actualization Aesthetics Need to know and Understanding Belonging ness and love Saftey Physiological
Fomite
Any object that can possibly transmit or carry diseases
Most common types of nasogastric tubes is
Levin
The 15% rule helps explain the effect of ___________ on exposure
KVP
Adult avg pulse rate
60-100
The hemovac Jackson Pratt, and the penrose are all examples of
Tissue drainage tubes
Urine should flow in a male patient when the catheter has been inserted approx
8 in
Types of central venous or intravenous catheters
Broviac, Hickman, and groshong (tunneled catheters)
PICC line
implanted access ports (port-a-cath, infusa port, and mediport)
Swan-ganz catheter