Patient care

Question 1

in _____ the U.S. Advisory commission on consumer protection and quality health care adopted a consumers Bill of Rights

Answer 1

1998 (replaced by patient care partenership)

Question 2

on march 23, 2010 the _____ was signed into law as a way of putting consumers back in charge of their health care

Answer 2

Affordable care act

Question 3

the HIPAA Privacy act was first signed into law in _____ and created national standards to protect individuals medical records and other personal health information

Answer 3

1996 (in april 2001 the department of health and human services enacted the HIPAA)

Question 4

_____ are the rules of conduct enforced by a controlling authority

Answer 4

laws

Question 5

_____ are laws that affect the individual rather than society as a whole

Answer 5

civil laws

Question 6

_____ laws are enacted and enforced by federal or state legislators to help maintain the governmental right to uphold social order and protect individuals rights

Answer 6

statutory

Question 7

_____ law is a form of law made by administrative agencies appointed by the president or government

Answer 7

administrative (federal agency ex. OSHA)

Question 8

_____ law is court made law based on custom and usage

Answer 8

common (most malpractice laws are court made laws)

Question 9

A _____ is a wrongful act, other than breach of contract for which the law provides a remedy

Answer 9

Tort (can by intentional or unintentional)

Question 10

examples of intentional torts are?

Answer 10

assault, battery, invasion of privacy, and false imprisonment

Question 11

_____ is the most common type of unintentional tort

Answer 11

negligence; failure to use responsible care

Question 12

to prevail in a medical malpractice action, an injured person (the plaintiff) must prove the following 4 elements

Answer 12

duty (standard of care), breach (failure to meet standard of care), harm, and causation (failure of SOC was actual cause of injury)

Question 13

what does resipsa loquitur mean?

Answer 13

the thing speaks for itself (the evidences tells all)

Question 14

_____ consent is given by the patient either in writing or verbally

Answer 14

express

Question 15

_____ consent is neither written or spoken by the patient, but understood from the circumstances surrounding the procedure

Answer 15

implied

Question 16

_____ is a dereliction from ones medical professional duty that results in injury, loss or damage

Answer 16

medical malpractice

Question 17

describes the procedure, clearly states risks and benefits, discusses possible outcomes/problems, discusses alternative treatments

Answer 17

informed consent

Question 18

negligences is based on what 5 doctrines of liability?

Answer 18

master-servant, ostensible agency, borrowed servant, captain of ship, and resipsa loquitur

Question 19

what is respondeat superior

Answer 19

“let the master answer” the employer is held liable

Question 20

under the _____ doctrine, a hospital or healthcare facility can be held liable for a negligence, if the sonographer is a contractor

Answer 20

ostensible agency

Question 21

under the _____ theory, all actions of hospital employees where attributable to the patients attending physician, physician was liable

Answer 21

borrowed servant

Question 22

the _____ doctrine was in effect in operating rooms and held that the head surgeon was liable for all negligent actions of his or her surgical team

Answer 22

captain of the ship

Question 23

_____ is a court document that requires a witness to appear and testify or to produce documents or papers pertinent to a pending controversy, under penalty

Answer 23

subpoena (served if you are involved in a lawsuit)

Question 24

_____ is a system of valued behaviors and beliefs that govern proper conduct and character to ensure protection of individuals rights

Answer 24

ethics

Question 25

_____ has developed both a code of ethics and practice standards of sonographers

Answer 25

the society of diagnostic medical sonography

Question 26

_____ is the study of duty, moral obligation, and taking the right action

Answer 26

deontology (do your duty regardless of outcome)

Question 27

_____ is the study of evidence of the design and purpose of nature

Answer 27

teleology (believes an act is right if used to bring good outcome)

Question 28

_____ is the duty to promote and to act in the best interest of the patient and society

Answer 28

beneficence (would still give live transplants)

Question 29

_____ is the primary credo of the health professions: "above all do no harm"

Answer 29

nonmaleficence (would give someone else transplant)

Question 30

what are the 4 aspects of vital signs as indicators of functioning of the body?

Answer 30

temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure

Question 31

as a part of the assessment of vital signs, the sonographer should observe the patients total condition such as

Answer 31

color, skin temp, and patient feelings and reactions

Question 32

the _____ is the beat of the heart that can be felt as a vibration within the walls of the arteries

Answer 32

pulse (most common site is the radial artery; wrist)

Question 33

_____ and _____ can cause a weak, thready pulse, where as _____ can produce a bounding pulse

Answer 33

shock and hemorrhage; fever

Question 34

what is the normal pulse for an adult and newborn?

Answer 34

adult- 60 to 65 bpm newborn- 120 to 140 bpm child- 100 to 120

Question 35

the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange that occurs in the lungs is referred to as _____

Answer 35

respiration

Question 36

what is normal respiration in an adult?

Answer 36

16 to 20 breaths per min

Question 37

note difficultly in breathing (_____) or change in the patients color (______)

Answer 37

dyspnea; cyanosis or pallor

Question 38

_____ is the pressure that circulating blood exerts against arterial walls

Answer 38

blood pressure; highest when heart contracts (systolic) lowest between beats at rest (diastolic)

Question 39

what is normal adult blood pressure?

Answer 39

less than 120/80 mmHg; prehypertension to 139/89; stage 1 hypertension 140/90; stage 2 is 160/100; hypotension is 80/50; even if only one reading is off

Question 40

_____ measures the oxygen concentration in arterial blood

Answer 40

pulse oximeters; normal is 95% - 100%

Question 41

with an IV, nausea, vomiting, rapid breathing, or an increase pulse rate are signs of _____

Answer 41

circulatory overload

Question 42

with _____ immediately report any rapid increase in the amount of material being suctioned

Answer 42

NG tubes

Question 43

the _____ devices are the nasal cannula or nasal prongs, nasal catheter, or simple oxygen mask

Answer 43

low-flow

Question 44

_____ is a low flow device identified by the presence of a bag, which must remain constantly inflated by 1/3

Answer 44

partial rebreathing or reservoir mask

Question 45

the water level in the humidifying chamber should be high enough so that it _____ as the oxygen goes through it

Answer 45

bubbles

Question 46

a _____ catheter is a system used to provide temporary or permanent drainage of urine

Answer 46

retention or indwelling (most common is folly)

Question 47

when handling bed pans and urinals and their contents follow medical _____, standard precautions, and blood borne _____ standards

Answer 47

aseptic, pathogen

Question 48

if the patient feels nauseated, turn his or her head well to one to prevent _____ of vomit

Answer 48

aspiration

Question 49

if the appearance resembles dark _____ it is evidence of undigested blood

Answer 49

"coffee grounds"

Question 50

in january 2012, the _____ issued the National Patient safety goals (NPSGs) to promote specific improvement in patient safety

Answer 50

organizations (JCAHO)

Question 51

use at least _____ ways to identify patients

Answer 51

2

Question 52

take a _____ immediately before preforming a procedure, and right patient

Answer 52

timeout

Question 53

the most institutions, _____ must be ordered by a physician or change nurse and cannot be arbitrarily applied

Answer 53

restraints

Question 54

_____ is the use of correct movement during the performance of any activity

Answer 54

body mechanics

Question 55

when moving a patient be sure your feet are a _____ width apart to provide a strong base of support, stand with one foot slightly forward for balance and have the toes of the leading foot _____ in the direction of the activity

Answer 55

shoulder; point

Question 56

the use a gait belt, place the belt around the patients _____, over clothing with its buckle in front

Answer 56

waist

Question 57

when moving patient on to scanning table adjust the bed to _____ hight for the most comfortable position

Answer 57

elbow; remove any pillows and have them bend their knees

Question 58

when turning patients toward you place one hand on the patients shoulder and the other on the _____ and pull the patient toward you

Answer 58

hip