Patient Care: Exam 1

Question 1

List and describe the 4 assurances when working with patients

Answer 1

1. Infection control: wash your hands
2. Protect: wear gloves
3. Identify yourself: I’m Carla from SLPA
4. Identify patient: two methods; name and DOB

Question 2

List the 4 assessments the make up vital signs

Answer 2

A specific set of standardized patient assessments. Temperature. Pulse. Respiratory Rate. Blood Pressure.

Question 3

Describe types of temperatures, range, and techniques for obtaining

Answer 3

Normal 96.8-99.8 degrees F. 36-38 C. Hyperthermia>100.4 degrees F.
Oral: most common Rectal: .5-1.0 higher Axillary: .5-1.0 degrees lower Tympanic: ear
techniques: nothing to eat/drink, hot/cold at least 15 minutes. Patients cannot be breathing through mouth. wait for beep or wait 1 full minute.

Question 4

Describe normal and abnormal pulses, sites used, and techniques for obtaining

Answer 4

Pulse is the rate at which your heart beats. check on wrist (radial). neck (carotid). top of foot (pedal). temple. groin. Adults 60-100. Children 80-100. Infant 100-140. Count beats for 30 seconds and multiply by 2. Tachycardia caused by hypoxia, low blood pressure, anxiety, medications. techniques: most common site is radial artery. Never use thumb cause of its pulse and count beats for 30 seconds times 2.

Question 5

Describe respirations, give normal and abnormal rates, and describe techniques

Answer 5

Respirations are the # of breaths per minute. Adult 12-20 breaths/minute. Children 20-30 breaths/minute. Infant 20-40 breaths/minute. Techniques. don’t let the patient know you are counting. watch rise of patients chest and count for 30 seconds and multiply by 2

Question 6

Describe blood pressure, give normal and abnormal values, and describe technique

Answer 6

Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries. systolic is 90-130mmHg* diastolic is 60-80 mmHg* hypertension is 140/90 or > hypotension < 90/60
Pediatrics is 80+(2x child’s age in year) Techniques: place stethoscope over artery. inflate cuff to 180. systolic is first pulse you hear and diastolic is last pulse you are.

Question 7

List and define what may be included during a physical examination

Answer 7

Vitals signs. height. weight. blood work. x-rays and EKG’s.

auscultation: listening to sounds with the body with a stethoscope
palpation: using hands to feel parts you cannot see
observation: looking with naked eye

Question 8

List the key elements for moving a patient safely

Answer 8

Prevent injury to the patient or yourself. good posture: crucial! gravity: affecting the amount of strain on and work don’t by body.
center of gravity: the point at which the mass of weight is centered in an object.

Question 9

List movements to be avoided when moving a patient

Answer 9

bending, twisting, being off enter, using weak back muscle

Question 10

Describe the techniques used to move a patient from the bed to a gurney

Answer 10

Always lock wheels. but gurney same height of the bed and slide over with draw sheet or slider board. place under patient 1/2 length of patient. once patient is in gurney put up rails

Question 11

Describe the techniques for moving a patient from the bed to a wheel chair

Answer 11

lock wheels. make sure patient is stable. place the chair next to bed. have the patient place arms over shoulders and move over to the chair

Question 12

Describe the various patient positions

Answer 12

Supine: face up
Prone: face down
Sims: half between the lateral and prone positions. rectal exams
Fowlers: sitting down
high fowlers: 90 degree angle
semi-fowler's: 45 degree
trendelenberg:  downward angle/ hypotensive patients
lithotomy: sitting for paps
knee cap: doggie style

Question 13

List and define the five types of health care coverage

Answer 13

1. Medicare: 65yrs older or disabilities for 24 months
2. Medicaid: medical indigents
3. Diagnosis related groups (DRG’s): based on diagnosis at discharge. flat rate.
4. Private Health Care: PPO greater selection of providers but more money
5. Health Maintenance Organization: HMO must use MDs facilities no deductible but theres a co pay

Question 14

Define HIPAA and describe it

Answer 14

Health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996. protects the privacy rights of every patient. PRIVACY!! NI no info

Question 15

Convert Fahrenheit to Centigrade

Answer 15

Take F degree minus 32 then multiply by .55

Question 16

Convert Centigrade to Fahrenheit

Answer 16

Take centigrade degrees and multiply by 1.8 and add 32.

Question 17

We use rectal for?

Answer 17

unconscious patient. mouth breathers. senile patient. injuries to mouth. recent seizure. dehydrated patient.