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Patient Care Exam 1 Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

What radiologic technology uses ionizing radiation?

A

-Radiography
-nuclear medicine
-radiation therapy
-interventional
-mammography
-bone densitometry
-CT

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2
Q

What radiologic technology is non-ionizing?

A

-MRI
-Sonography

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3
Q

What is the purpose of accreditation agencies?

A

Ensure that educational programs meet standards.

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4
Q

JRCERT

A

Joint review committee on education in radiologic technology

Accreditation agency for radiography programs

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5
Q

Certification bodies

A

Award credentials to individuals who pass their exam

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6
Q

ARRT

A

American Registry of radiologic technologist

Certification, body for radiography.

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7
Q

Professional societies

A

Voluntary organizations that inform, represent, and lead members.

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8
Q

Name four professional societies

A

ISRRT - international Society

ASRT - society for radiologist technologist

AAPA - society for medical physicist

ACR - society for radiologist

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9
Q

Name the six problem-solving and critical thinking resources in order of importance

A
  1. Institutional policies.
  2. Federal laws.
  3. State laws.
  4. ARRT standards of ethics.
  5. ARRT code of ethics.
  6. ASRT practice standards.
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10
Q

What are the five steps in critical thinking and problem-solving?

A
  1. Identify the problem.
  2. Investigate the problem objectively
  3. Develop viable solutions.
  4. Select the best solution.
  5. Implement it.
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11
Q

Why does hierarchy exist?

A

Organizational view
Decision-making
Responsibility
Prioritization
Communication

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12
Q

What are the dangers of hierarchy?

A

Bullying
Depth of knowledge
Expertise
Roadblocks

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13
Q

OSHA

A

The occupational safety and health administration regulates the workplace federally

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14
Q

The joint commission

A

The accreditation body for hospitals and clinics

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15
Q

MQSA

A

The Mammography Quality Standards Act regulates, mammography services on a federal level

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16
Q

What is the difference between screening and diagnostic tests?

A

Screening - people without symptoms who may have a higher risk of developing disease

Diagnostic - with symptoms or asymptomatic individuals with a positive screening test.

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17
Q

What are the six things to consider for a physician to determine which imaging modality to use?

A

Efficacy
Radiation dose
Patient risk
Patient tolerance
Timeliness
Cost

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18
Q

What is the imaging of choice for pediatric patients?

A

Sonography

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19
Q

Generally, what is the minimum views performed on all radiographs?

A

Two

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20
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

Self actualization
Esteem
Love and belonging
Safety needs
Physiological needs

Patients generally come to the radiology department at lower levels of Maslow’s hierarchy.

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21
Q

Subjective data versus objective data

A

Subjective data - feelings and attitudes

Objective data - measurable and physiologic

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22
Q

Sacred seven of medical histories

A

Localization - where does it hurt?

Chronology - when did it start?

Quality - can you describe the symptoms?

Severity - on a scale of one to 10 how would you describe your pain?

Onset - was there an event that caused this?

Aggravating - does it hurt more or less when you stand?

Associated manifestations - do other symptoms occur at the same time?

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23
Q

Where should the wheelchair be when transferring a patient from wheelchair to table?

A

45° angle to the table

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24
Q

What are the general principles of lifting?

A

Communication

The patient - should do as much work as possible

Hold the patient close

Orthostatic hypotension - the patient feels faint after standing too quickly

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25
Orthostatic hypotension
The patient feels faint after standing too quickly
26
Stretcher transfer
Lock the stretcher Ask the patient what they can do Use a slide board if available Three people are needed for a non-patient assisted transfer
27
Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD)
Can happen from a single event or repetition (most common in sonography)
28
What is the primary goal of immobilization techniques?
To reduce motion
29
What are the four general principles of immobilization techniques?
Communication Efficiency Demonstration Comfort
30
Average oral temperature
98.6 Fahrenheit
31
Hypothermia
Oral temperature below 97.7 Fahrenheit
32
Hyperthermia
Oral temperature higher than 99.5°F
33
Axillary temperature
Armpits 97.6°F
34
What is the most accurate reading for temperature?
The rectal. temperature at 99.6°F
35
Adults average respiratory rate
12 to 20 breaths per minute
36
A child average respiratory rate
20 to 30 breaths per minute
37
Tachypnea
Fast breathing rate
38
Bradypnea
Slow breathing rate
39
Average pulse rate for adults
60 to 100 bpm
40
Average pulse rate for children
70 to 120 bpm
41
Tachycardia
Fast pulse rate
42
Bradycardia
Slow pulse rate
43
Pulse oximeter normal oxygen saturation
95 to 100%
44
Normal blood pressure
Systolic/diastolic 120/80
45
Hypotension
Below normal
46
Hypertension
Above normal High blood pressure
47
What color is the oxygen flow meter usually
Green
48
Oxygen is considered a
Drug
49
Endotracheal tubes
Radiograph needed for placement one to 2 inches above carina
50
Thoracostomy tubes
Commonly called chest tubes. They drain the intrapleural space and mediastinum of fluid or air.
51
Central lines
Catheter that is inserted into a large vein. Preferred subclavian vein
52
Three most common insertion sites for central lines
Preferred: subclavian vein Internal jugular vein Femoral veins
53
Chain of infection
Susceptible host - elderly, infants, immunocompromised, anyone Pathogen - bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite Reservoir - people, animals, soil, food, water Portal of exit - coughing/sneezing, bodily secretions, feces Mode of transmission - direct contact, indirect contact, vectors Portal of entry - mouth, nose, eyes, cuts and skin
54
Where is your center of gravity level at?
Second sacral segment
55
In trauma applications, the initial image should
Include device. Device can be removed after being cleared.
56
What are the two “do nots” of restraint?
Do not remove the restraint without authorization Do not restrain a patient without permission
57
False imprisonment
Restraint against your will
58
Difference between immobilization and restraints
Immobilization - patient can get out Restraints - patient cannot get out on their own
59
Average body temperature for rectal
99.6
60
Average body temperature for temporal
100
61
Average body temperature for a tympanic (middle ear)
97.6
62
Four types of pathogens
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasitic protozoa
63
Bacteria
Microscopic, single, celled organisms, that reside in a host as a group or cluster, called a colony
64
How is bacteria classified?
By shape
65
Common diseases caused by bacteria
Food poisoning Strep throat
66
Viruses
Microscopic organisms that can infect host like humans, plants, or animals They are essentially a small piece of genetic information (DNA or RNA)
67
Viruses can’t reproduce without
A host
68
Viruses cannot live long
Outside of living cell
69
Common diseases caused by viruses
The flu, the cold, COVID-19
70
Fungi
Single celled, or very complex multicellular organism Very small number of fungi caused diseases and animals
71
In humans, what kind of skin diseases can fungi cause
Athletes foot Ring worm Thrush
72
Parasitic protozoa
Neither plant nor animal, but larger than bacteria
73
How are parasitic protozoa classified?
By the way, they move
74
Where does parasitic protozoa live?
They live on or in other organisms at expense of host
75
What is the most common parasitic disease causing the most deaths globally?
Malaria
76
What is a reservoir?
A place for the pathogen to thrive
77
Portal of exit
Any route that the pathogen can leave the reservoir
78
Modes of transmission of pathogens
Direct contact Droplet transmissions - requires a pathogen to be transferred through the air from its reservoir in a droplet of body secretions. Relatively large, and usually will fall from suspension after 3 to 6 feet of travel. Blood-borne Airborne Vector - utilize insects to transport the pathogen Fomite - refers to inanimate objects that can carry and spread disease
79
Portal of entry
Any route that a pathogen uses to enter the body (host)
80
How susceptible a host can be depends on many factors, three of which being
Age Health status Medication usage
81
What are healthcare associated infections called
Nosocomial infections
82
What percentage of inpatient contract a nosocomial infection?
5%
83
How long is standard handwashing?
40 to 60 seconds
84
How long is a hand rub?
20 to 30 seconds
85
Proper donning of personal protective equipment
1. Gown 2. Mask 3. Goggles 4. Gloves
86
In what order do you remove personal protective equipment?
Gloves Goggles Gown Mask
87
Surgical asepsis
Aim to ELIMINATE all microorganisms from an area during surgical procedure
88
Medical asepsis
Aims to REDUCE all microorganisms from an area during an after any medical procedure
89
Sterile field
Create sterile field as close to the time of use as possible Radiology equipment must be covered with a STERILE covering (often by the surgical team) Anything below the surface of the table or below the waist is considered unsterile
90
How should sterile people pass each other
Back to back
91
Common surgical procedures in radiology
Dressing changes Tracheostomy Chest tube placement Urinary catheterization
92
Common non-septic technique activities in radiology
Nasogastric tubes Urinal use Bed pan use Enema Barium enema

Patient Care (3 decks)

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