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Patient Care Summer ‘23 > Patient Care Final Exam > Flashcards

Patient Care Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: If there is a spill on the floor, you should never clean it up and notify housekeeping

A

FALSE

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2
Q

Alcoholic based sanitizers are effective against Clostridium diffocele?

A

FALSE

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3
Q

What are the documents that provide instructions about the patient’s wishes for treatment if the patient is unable to communicate his or her wishes known as?

A

Advance Directives

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4
Q

What respiratory rate for a RESTING adult would be considered abnormal

A

24 breaths per minute

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5
Q

What method of obtaining a patient’s temperature is the most accurate?

A

Rectal

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6
Q

What happens when a blood pressure cuff that is used on a patient that is too small?

A

False high reading

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7
Q

What’s the reading for an adult oral temperature?

A

98.6

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8
Q

What is a G-tube?

A

Gastrostomy tube - a tube inserted through abdominal wall into the stomach for feeding

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9
Q

How is an NGT secured?

A

Tape

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10
Q

What is the first sound that is heard when deflating a blood pressure cuff?

A

Systolic pressure

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11
Q

A patient’s blood pressure is 182/84. What is your next action?

A

Inform your supervisor immediately.

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12
Q

How is a G-tube kept in place?

A

Balloon

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13
Q

What life threatening complication are patients who receive tube feeds at risk for?

A

Aspiration

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14
Q

Smallest diameter catheter would be a

A

16 French

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15
Q

Patients on a cardiac diet should consume

A

lean meats and green vegetables

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16
Q

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is administered

A

intravenously

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17
Q

A urinary drainage bag should be attached to the

A

bedframe

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18
Q

When inserting an indwelling urinary catheter, one urine is seen in the tubing, what is done next?

A

advance the catheter 1-2 more inches

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19
Q

A 4 oz cup of juice is equivalent to how many ml

A

120 ml

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20
Q

Are urinary catheters considered a sterile technique?

A

yes

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21
Q

catheters and needles are the opposite in terms of selecting their size. small numbers (like a 16 French) means the catheter will be small too. With needle gauges, it’s the opposite. Explain.

A

Example: a 22 gauge needle would be for the elderly or for kids and a 14 gauge would be way bigger, for trauma or rapid infusions.

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22
Q

How is an endotracheal tube held in place?

A

Balloon

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23
Q

What is the purpose of a cast when a fracture has occurred?

A

To keep the bones in position while the fracture heals

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24
Q

Renal diet

A

limits sodium, phosphorous, potassium, fluids

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25
Q

A gastrostomy tube feeding goes directly

A

into the patient’s stomach

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26
Q

when selecting a vein for IV therapy, which veins should you consider first?

A

veins that are distal

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27
Q

How do you know the tourniquet is properly placed for venipuncture?

A

apply 3-4 inches above the selected sight

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28
Q

What’s the proper angle for IV cannulation?

A

15 degrees

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29
Q

A central venous catheter is placed

A

in the antecubital space with the tip extending to the superior vena cava

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30
Q

What is a PICC line

A

peripherally inserted central catheter

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31
Q

when starting an IV, metacarpal veins are

A

difficult to stabilize

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32
Q

In Alzheimers Disease, the brain actually

A

shrinks

33
Q

Respiration rate <10

A

bradypnea
12-20 is considered normal

34
Q

patient will exhibit the signs and symptoms (S&S) of hypoxemia if blood oxygen saturation is <

A

90

35
Q

Systolic/Diastolic guidelines for blood pressure

A

normal: 120/80
prehypertension: 120-139 or 80-89

36
Q

Systolic/Diastolic guidelines for blood pressure

A

normal: 120/80
prehypertension: 120-139 or 80-89
hypertension stage 1: 140-159 or 90-99
hypertension stage 2: 160+ or 100+

37
Q

Mode of transmission, “droplet” is within how many feet

A

3 feet

38
Q

HEPA stands for

A

High Efficiency Particulate Air (for respirators)

39
Q

NIOSH stands for

A

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

40
Q

What will BREAK the chain of infection

A

proper hand hygiene

41
Q

In terms of pressure ulcer prevention, don’t elevate the HOB more than how many degrees

A

30 degrees

42
Q

R.A.C.E. - in case of a fire, stands for

A

R - rescue patients
A - alarm
C - contain fire
E - extinguish fire

43
Q

OSHA stands for

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

44
Q

ADA diet

A

As Diet Allows

45
Q

NCS diet

A

No Concentrated Sweets diet

46
Q

what is a fomite

A

objects or materials which are likely to carry infection, such as clothes, utensils, and furniture

47
Q

easy to visualize/palpate/stabilize

A

cephalic

48
Q

Vesicant drugs

A

Vesicants: Drugs that can result in tissue necrosis or formation of blisters when accidentally infused into tissue surrounding a vein

49
Q

complications of IV therapy

A

Interstitial infusions
 Tissue necrosis
 Nerve damage
 Phlebitis
 Thrombophlebitis, DVT, Embolism

50
Q

Patients may be put on a ‘vent’
because of

A

pathological
conditions, respiratory
disorders or diseases of
neurological or neuromuscular
function

51
Q

Keep tracheostomy patients in what position

A

Fowlers!

52
Q

Patient can’t speak, whistle,
blow nose, suck a straw

A

Laryngectomy

53
Q

Difference between pneumothorax and hemothorax

A

pneumo is air in the pleural cavity
hemo is fluid in the pleural cavity

54
Q

Commonly used drains
include:

A

– T-Tube
– Jackson-Pratt,
Hemovac
– Penrose

55
Q

End Stage Renal Failure, ESRF

A

S&S are due to
the build up of
Urea in the blood
(Uremia)

56
Q

In hemodialysis, what is a fistula?

A

Artery and vein joined
together in arm

57
Q

In hemodialysis, what is a graft?

A

Soft tube joins an artery
and vein in arm

58
Q

In hemodialysis, what is a catheter?

A

Soft tube placed in a
large vein, usually in
neck

59
Q

In the dialyzer (during hemodialysis), waste products filter from the blood through an artificial membrane into a fluid called the

A

dialysate

60
Q

the body’s natural dialyser is the

A

peritoneal membrane

61
Q

in peritoneal dialysis, what happens?

A

Dialysate fluid is infused into the peritoneal cavity so
that it can be in contact with the body’s natural dialyser,
the peritoneal membrane

Peritoneal membrane contains capillaries that diffuse
blood into the dialysate and back to blood stream

62
Q

In a petite mal seizure, what happens

A

Momentary
lapses of
muscle tone
– Patient
appears to
stare blankly

63
Q

In a grand mal seizure, what happens

A

Bilateral
generalized motor
movement
(convulsions) and
muscular rigidity
May be preceded by
an Aura
Seizure Disorder

64
Q

people with a spinal cord injury are most susceptible for

A

autonomic dysreflexia… symptoms include extremely high bp, overfull bladder retention, constipation, severe headache etc

“dysreflexia” just think… things that used to be “reflexive” are NOT!

65
Q

ec·chy·mo·sis

A

COMMON WITH A BONE FRACTURE!
(also edema)

Blood or bleeding under the skin due to trauma of any kind; typically black and blue at first, with color changes as healing progresses.

66
Q

3 components of treating a broken bone

A

hardware, casting, traction

67
Q

what is commonly caused by falls but may
be the cause of the fall

A

fractured hip

68
Q

assessment of a fractured hip

A

Leg on affected side is shorter and
externally rotated
– Pain in hip area or knee
– Edema or ecchymosis in the hip, thigh,
groin or lower pelvic area

69
Q

Treatment for a fractured hip includes O.R.I.F. and T.H.A.

A

Open Reduction Internal Fixation
(O.R.I.F.)
* Fractured bone is manually
manipulated back into alignment
and held in place with hardware
– Total Hip Arthroplasty (T.H.A.)
* Replacement of patient’s hip joint
with prosthetic hip

70
Q

With patients with a prosthetic hip, maintain the legs in what position

A

abducted position, don’t allow the patient to bend at waist either.

71
Q

Birth one year is what stage

A

Oral-Sensory (trust)
To learn to trust

72
Q

1-3 years what stage

A

Muscular-anal (toddler)
To recognize self as an independent being

73
Q

3-5 years what stage

A

Locomotor (initiate stage)
To recognize self as a family member

74
Q

6-11 years what stage

A

Latency (industry)
To demonstrate
physical and mental
abilities

75
Q

12-18 years what stage

A

Adolescence (Identity)
To develop a sense
of individuality as a
sexual being

76
Q

Use child’s name, use simple terms,
demonstrate on a doll, allow
independence

A

Preschooler

77
Q

Use child’s name, explain in simple
terms, allow child to handle
equipment, allow independence

A

Toddler

78
Q

Respiration rate and heart rate significantly decrease as a child develops into an adult. True or False

A

TRUE

79
Q

At 3 years, average temperature of infant has been climbing. At 3 years though, it begins to

A

DECREASE

Patient Care Summer ‘23 (3 decks)

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