Patient Care Skills Flashcards
(117 cards)
What is the difference between sign and symptom?
Sign- what you see.
Symptom- what you feel.
What are the 3 things you look for when taking PR?
- Rate
- Rhythm
- Volume/strength
Name factors that affect PR.
Age, gender, emotions, exercise, systemic or local heat, medications, post COVID Px.
What are the normal ranges for PR for neonates, infants, children, and adults?
Neonates- 120-160 BPM
Infants- 100-120 BPM
Children- 80-100 BPM
Adults- 60-100 BPM
Where are the points of assessment for PR?
Apical
Temporal
Brachial
Radial
Dorsal pedal
Popliteal
Femoral
Carotid
How do we find max target heart rate? How do we find regular THR? How about modified THR?
Max: 220-age
THR: max THR x 85%
Modified: resting HR + 20 BPM
What are some red flags in heart rates?
Irregular pulse, weak pulse, resting above 60 (tachycardia), resting below 60 (bradycardia).
What do you look for in respiration rate?
Rate
Depth
Rhythm
Cough
Character- dyspnea, labored, wheezing, crackles, stidor, stertor, pleural rub
What factors affect RR?
Age, body size, exercise, body position, medications, emotions.
What are the normal ranges for RR in neonates, infants, children, adults, and older adults?
Neonates: 40-60
Infants: 25-60
Children: 15-30
Adults: 12-20
Older adults: 15+
What are some red flags to look for in RR?
Shortness of breath, irregular breathing pattern, noisy breathing, pain with breathing.
What does pulse oximetry tell us?
Arterial blood oxygenation.
What are the normal and not normal ranges of SpO2?
Normal: 96-100%
Below 90: NEED O2
Below 85: severe hypoxia
What is blood pressure?
The force blood exerts against a vessel wall.
What are 3 things that affect BP?
- vessel compliance
- vessel size
- blood volume
What happens to the heart in systole and diastole?
Systole- ventricular contraction.
Diastole- ventricular relaxation.
What are factors that affect BP?
Medications, age, substances (food, alcohol, smoking), emotions, pain, exercise, body/arm position, hot or cold exposure.
What is something that would be on a Px’s arm to tell you to use their right arm?
IV, breast/axillary surgery, lymphedema, increased or decreased muscle tone.
What are the BP ranges?
Normal: below 120 and below 80
Slightly elevated: 120-129 and below 80
Stage 1 hypertension: 130-139 and 80-89
Stage 2 hypertension: 140 or higher and 90 or higher
Hypertensive crisis: higher than 180 and higher than 120
What are the 4 levels of A&O?
- A&O x1: person
- A&O x2: person and place
- A&O x3: person, place, time (this is normal)
- A&O x4: person, place, time, event (also normal)
What are types of equipment used to take temperatures?
Electrical/digital, glass, non-contact infrared, temperature sensitive tape.
What are normal temperature ranges?
Oral: 98.6 or 97
Axillary: 97.6
Rectal and aural: 99.6
If a Px was describing nerve pain, what are some words they would use?
Sharp, bright, lightning-like
If a Px was describing vasculature pain, what are some words they would use?
Throbbing, diffuse, crushing