Patient Interaction Flashcards
(44 cards)
Cold sores
Reason/ transmitted/ contracted
Caused by viral infection HSV1
Contracted by skin contact/ kissing
Lies dormant until triggered by factors (stress/ hormones)
Cold sores
Symptoms
Skin itches
Burning
Pain
Blister
Tingling
Red
Cold sores
Stages
Stage 1= tingling, itching, burning
Stage 2= small red bumps, blisters
Stage 3= filled with fluids
Cold sores
Treatment
Aciclovir 5x a day for 5 days
Cold sore cream
Hygiene + contact avoidance
Cold sores
When to refer
Lasts longer than 14 days
Symptoms worse (lesions spread, persistent fever)
Located anywhere other than lips/ face
Frequently reoccurs
Mouth ulcers
Cause
Irritation (cheek, braces, rough brushing)
Stress
Hormonal changes
Allergic reactions
Mouth ulcers
Aphthous ulcers - minor
Heals within 7-10 days
Cheeks, tongues, lips
Round grey white lesions inside mouth
Mouth ulcers
Aphthous ulcers- major
10 days to 6 weeks
Any oral site
Significant pain and dysphasia (swallowing difficulty)
Most common in immunosuppressants patients (HIV)
Refer
Mouth ulcers
Herpetiform
More than 10 days to refer
Any oral site- multiple tiny ulcers
Must refer
Mouth ulcers
When to refer
Bigger ulcers
Back of mouth/ throat
Ulcer bleeds
Multiple ulcers
Children under 10
3 weeks +
Recurrent
Pain/ difficulty swallowing
Mouth ulcers
Treatment
Gel/paste
Saline mouthwash
Oral hygiene
Avoid spicy foods
Use a straw
Soft toothbrush
Gingivitis
Cause
Bacterial depositing and build up of plaque from not brushing properly
Gingivitis
Symptoms
Inflammation
Swollen, red, sore
Halitosis (foul breath)
Gum recession
Bleeds easily
Plaque
Infection
Loosening of teeth
Gingivitis
Treatments
Oral hygiene (brush x2 a day, floss)
Mouthwash - corsodyl/ oraldene
Oral hygienist/ dentist
Gingivitis
When to refer
Persists after 4-6 weeks
Chronic periodontitis (loosening of teeth)
Spontaneous bleeding/ recurrent
Xerostomia (dry mouth)
Cause
Dehydration due to fluid loss
Medication
Anxiety
Poor oral intake
Damage to salivary gland after radiation
Mouth breathing
Alcohol/ tobacco/ caffeine
Xerostomia (dry mouth)
Symptoms
Dry/ sticky feeling
Insufficient saliva
Rough/dry tongue
Sore throat
Halitosis (bad breath)
Difficulty swallowing
Xerostomia (dry mouth)
Treatment
Ice cubes/ sip on water
Sugar free gum
Avoid caffeine/ alcohol
Saliva stimulants
Xerostomia (dry mouth)
When to refer
Decrease in oral intake
Oral herpes infection
Severe mucositis (painful inflammation)
Ulcers (due to cancer treatments)
Fungal infection
Headache - migraine
Symptoms
PRIMARY
Throbbing/ pulsating pain
Unilateral
Nausea/ vomiting
Light and sound sensitivity
Visual changes
Headache- tension
Symptoms
PRIMARY
bilateral- tight band around the head
Muscle spasm in neck and scalp
Headache- migraine
Cause
Inflammation of brain vessels
Headache- cluster
Symptoms
Severe sharp stabbing
Unilateral around eye or temple
Nasal congestion?
same time
Headaches- sinus
Symptoms
SECONDARY
Pressure like pain in forehead, cheeks, eyes
Nasal congestion
