Patterns And Trends Flashcards
(44 cards)
Rapoport and Rapoport
We have moved away from the nuclear family and have more freedom of choice in diversity
There are five different types of diversity (CLOGS)
- Cultural diversity
- Life stage diversity
- Organisational diversity
- Generational diversity
- Social class diversity
Eversley and Bonnerjea
They identified six different types of area which are connected to different types of family organisation
- the affluent south
- the geriatric wards
- older industrial areas
- recently declined industrial areas
- rural areas
- inner cities
Chandler
Cohabitation has increasingly become accepted as a long-term permanent alternative to marriage
Shown in the increasing amount of children born outside of wedlock
Gillis
Between 1850 and 1960 marriage rates were extremely high rates
Prior to 1850 and after 1960 cohabitation was more popular- shows cohabitation is not a new phenomenon
Chester
In most cases cohabitation is a transient temporary phase before marriage- a stepping stone
Coast
75% of cohabitation couples expect to marry each other if their cohabitation is successful
Acts of divorce
1857- Matrimonial Causes Act- made divorce through the courts rather than having to obtain an Act of Parliament
1937- Divorce Reform Act- widened the grounds of divorce to cruelty, desertion and insanity
1969- divorce reform act- grounds of divorce constituted as the irretrievable breakdown of the marriage
Stein
A growing number of people are deliberately choosing to live alone in ‘creative singlehood’
Duncan and Phillips
1 in 10 adults are living apart together - in a significant relationship is but not married or cohabiting
Allan and Crow
Reconstituted families may face particular problems of divided loyalties and issues such as contact with non resident parents
McCarthy et al
There is great diversity amongst reconstituted families - some have tensions where others have no more tensions than a regular nuclear or extended family
Ferri and Smith
Reconstituted families are at greater risk of poverty as they have more children to support
Michell and Goody
Divorce is no longer associated with a shameful stigma and has been increasingly accepted since 1960s
Fletcher
Increase in divorce is indicative of higher expectations in marriage rather than declining social significance
Bernard
Believe that women are more conscious of patriarchal oppression and more confident about rejecting
Rising divorce rates and most divorce campaigns come from women shows acceptance of the patriarchy
Leach
‘Cereal packet’ idea of a family- idealised family picture
Oakley and Thorne
Critical of how nuclear families have been elevated to a high status
Parsons
There is a functional fit between the nuclear family and modern society and it uniquely suited to society
Chester
The majority of people are not choosing alternatives to the nuclear family on a long term basis.
Benson
Analysed data of over 15000 babies and found family breakdown is more common in the first three years
Among cohabiting parents 20% breakdown compared to 6% of married couples
Oakley
Critical view of the New Right believes their views are negative reaction against feminism and women’s equality
Office of National Statistics
42% of marriages end in England and Wales end in divorce
Cook and Gash
No evidence that working women are more likely to divorce
Working is now the norm for married women
Duncan and Roger’s
Less than 1/3 of children born in lone parent households stay in one their whole childhood
