Patterns of cirme

Question 1

Patterns of Crime
- social class trends

Answer 1

Official Statistics
- wc are highly represented among offenders

Question 2

Patterns of Crime
- social class explanations (Strain Theory)

Answer 2

Merton
- wc more likely to feel the strain, as they are unable to achieve through legitimate means

Question 3

Patterns of Crime
- social class explanations (subcultural theory)

Answer 3

Cohen
- wc boys commit crime because they are culturally deprived, suffer from status frustration

Question 4

Patterns of Crime
- social class explanations (Marxism)

Answer 4

Chambliss
- capitalism is crimogenic, wc steal/commit crime out of economic necessity/poverty

Question 5

Patterns of Crime
- social class explanations (Neo-Marxism)

Answer 5

Wc have made a choice to commit crime to fight back against the inequality of capitalism

Question 6

Patterns of Crime
- social class explanations ( labelling theory)

Answer 6

Becker, Cicourel, Pillavin and Briar
- WC fit the typification held by the police
- MC can negotiate their justice

Question 7

Patterns of Crime
- social class explanations (Right Realism)

Answer 7

Underclass commit crime because they are not socialised effectively

Question 8

Patterns of Crime
- social class explanations (Left Realism)

Answer 8

Lea and Young
- wc commit crime but because they feel relatively deprived and marginalised in society

Question 9

Crime of the Powerful
- white collar crime

Answer 9

Sunderland
- crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation

Question 10

Occupational Crime
- Sunderland fails to distinguish this type of crime

Answer 10

Committed by employees simply for their own personal gain, often against organisation for which they work

Question 11

Corporate Crime
- Sunderland fails to distinguish this type of crime

Answer 11

Committed by employees for their organisation in pursuit of its goals

Question 12

Explanations of Corporate Crime
- Strain theory

Answer 12

Deviance results from the inability of some people to achieve the goals that society’s culture promotes by using legitimate means

Question 13

Explanations of Corporate Crime
- differential association

Answer 13

*Sunderland**
- crime as behaviour learned by others in a social context

Question 14

Explanations of Corporate Crime
- Techniques of Neutralisation

Answer 14

Sykes & Matza
- individuals deviate more easily if they can produce justifications to neutralise moral objections to their misbehaviour

Question 15

Explanations of Corporate Crime
- labelling theory

Answer 15

Whether an act counts as crime depends on whether it has been successfully labelled as such

Question 16

Explanations of Corporate Crime
- Marxism

Answer 16

Corporate crime is a result of the normal functioning of capitalism