Patterns of Lung Disease Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is it called when there is a loss of the normal radiographic silhouette?
Silhouette sign
Are bronchi normally visible on x-ray?
No
What is the result of fluid filled alveoli with the water density of the fluid surrounding the bronchi?
Air bronchogram sign
What does an air bronchogram sign indicate?
pulmonary lesion
What are small apertures (5-15 μm in diameter), which occur in the alveolar wall that permits the spread of bacteria and exudate to adjacent alveoli?
Pores of Kohn
What are openings in the walls of terminal bronchioles or respiratory bronchioles, which communicate with alveoli that provide an alternative route for entry or escape of air and probably play an important role when parts of the lungs become fibrotic?
Canals of Lambert
What is caused by a pathogenic infection of the lungs and may present as a primary disease process or as the final coup de grace in the individual who is already debilitated?
Bacterial Pneumonia
What bacteria may produce bloody or rust-colored sputum?
Pneumococci
What 3 bacteria may produce green sputum?
Pseudomonas, Haemophilus, and Pneumococcal
What bacteria may produce foul-smelling sputum?
Anaerobic infections
What 2 bacteria may produce sputum resembling jelly due to necrosis, inflammation, and hemorrhage?
Klebsiella and Type 3 Pneumococci
What type of Pneumonia are patients with chronic alcoholism, diabetes, or COPD are at increased risk?
Klebsiella pneumonia
What type of Pneumonia is observed in intravenous drug abusers?
Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia
What are the 3 findings of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia?
Areas of normal lung
Areas of inflammation
Areas of end-stage, scarred, and non-functioning cystic lung with the appearance of a honeycomb.
Which type of pneumonia has the following features:
-CD4 counts (T Lymphocytes) below 200/mm3
• small pneumatocoeles, sub pleural blebs
• a fine reticular interstitial pulmonary pattern
• there is often a perihilar distribution
• Pleural effusions are normally not a feature being seen in less than 5% of cases
PCP (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia)
What are thin-walled, air-filled cysts that develop within the lung parenchyma?
Pneumatocele
What bacteria normally causes pneumatoceles?
Staph aureus
What kind of patients is Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia most commonly associated with?
HIV
What bacteria pneumonia is another name for pneumococcal pneumonia that has alveolar exudate which spread towards hilum?
Alveolar (lobar) pneumonia
What bacterial pneumonia is another name for staphylococcal pneumonia that begins in airways and spreads to peribronchial alveoli?
Bronchopneumonia (lobular pneumonia)
What is the loss of air space and its replacement with fluid called?
Consolidation
T/F: Bronchopneumonia (lobular) often leads to lobar pneumonia as the infection progresses
True
What bacteria is Pneumococcal pneumonia caused by?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What lobes are most commonly affected with Pneumococcal pneumonia?
Lower lobes and RML
