Pavlov

Question 0

Associated learning

Answer 0

Learning that certain events occur together. May be a stimuli or a response and it’s consequences

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

Process of developing new and relatively enduring information or behaviors. Able to adapt.

Question 2

Classical conditioning

Answer 2

Associate two stimuli and thus anticipate events, between stimuli, respondent behavior, events that we don’t control

Question 3

Operant conditioning

Answer 3

Associate a response(our behavior) and it’s consequence

Question 4

Cognitive learning

Answer 4

Acquire mental info that guides our behavior,

Question 5

Ian Pavlov

Answer 5

Laid foundation for Watson, behaviorism,

Question 6

NS

Answer 6

Neutral Stimulus, something that didn’t evoke a response,

Question 7

UR

Answer 7

Unconditioned response, unlearned, naturally occurring response to the US

Question 8

US

Answer 8

Unconditioned stimulus, naturally triggers a response

Question 9

CR

Answer 9

Conditioned response, a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

Question 10

CS

Answer 10

Conditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

Question 11

Acquisition

Answer 11

Initial stage,

Question 12

Higher-order conditioning

Answer 12

Cs is paired with a new NScreating a second, weaker, CS

Question 13

Extinction

Answer 13

The diminished response that occurs when the CS no longer signals an impending US

Question 14

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 14

The reappearance of a weakened CR after a pause

Question 15

Generalization

Answer 15

The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

Question 16

Discrimination

Answer 16

The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

Question 17

Pavlov’s legacy

Answer 17

Many other responses to many other stimuli can be conditionally conditioned in many other organisms and learning should be studied objectively

Question 18

Operant conditioning

Answer 18

Own actions with consequences, our behavior and resulting events,

Question 19

Operant behavior

Answer 19

behavior that operates on the Environment to produce rewarding or punishing stimuli

Question 20

Law of effect

Answer 20

Rewarded behavior is more likely to occur

Question 21

Operant chamber

Answer 21

Skinner box, a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer,

Question 22

Reinforcement

Answer 22

Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

Question 23

Shaping

Answer 23

Reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Question 24

Positive reinforcement

Answer 24

Increasing behaviors by presenting a positive reinforcers, when presented after a response

Question 25

Negative reinforcement

Answer 25

Strengthens a response by reducing or removing something negative, removes a punishing event, when removed,

Question 26

Primary reinforcer

Answer 26

Satisfies a biological need, unlearned

Question 27

Conditioned reinforcers

Answer 27

Secondary, learned association with primary reinforcer,

Question 28

Reinforcement schedules

Answer 28

Pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced

Question 29

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 29

Learning occurs rapidly, reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs,

Question 30

Partial (intermittent) reinforcement

Answer 30

Reinforcing a response only part of the time,

Question 31

Fixed-ratio schedule

Answer 31

Reinforce behavior after a set number of responses

Question 32

Variable-ratio schedules

Answer 32

Reinforcers after a seeming unpredictable number of responses

Question 33

Fixed-interval schedule

Answer 33

Reinforce the first response after a fixed time period

Question 34

Variable-interval schedule

Answer 34

Reinforce the first response after varying time intervals

Question 35

Punishment

Answer 35

Decrease the behavior it follows

Question 36

Positive punishment

Answer 36

Administer an aversive stimulus, spray water on a barking dog, give a speeding ticket

Question 37

Negative punishment

Answer 37

Withdraw a rewarding punishment, take away teens driving privileges,

Question 38

Computer-assisted learning

Answer 38

Computers helped realize skinners goal of individuality paced with instruction to immediate feedback

Question 39

Respondent behavior

Answer 39

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus, responding automaticLly

Question 40

Operant behaviors

Answer 40

Behavior that operates on the environment, produces consequences

Question 41

Cognitive map

Answer 41

Mental representation of the layout of ones Environment

Question 42

Latent learning

Answer 42

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

Question 43

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 43

A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Question 44

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 44

A desire to preform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishments.

Question 45

observational learning

Answer 45

w/o direct experience, learning by observing

Question 46

modeling

Answer 46

observing and imitating a behavior

Question 47

mirror neurons

Answer 47

frontal lobe neurons, scientists believe that they fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so, the brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation and empathy.

Question 48

theory of mind

Answer 48

he ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc.—to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one's own

Question 49

prosocial

Answer 49

positive, constructive, helpful behavior