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PHRM820 > PBA #1 > Flashcards

PBA #1 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

low blood pressure range for adults

A

< 60 bpm

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2
Q

normal blood pressure range for adults

A

60-100 bpm

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3
Q

high blood pressure range for adults

A

> 100 bpm

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4
Q

normal blood pressure range for conditioned athletes

A

50-100 bpm

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5
Q

normal respiratory rate for adults

A

12-20 rpm

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6
Q

normal systolic blood pressure range for adults

A

< 120 mm Hg

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7
Q

normal diastolic blood pressure range for adults

A

< 80 mm Hg

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8
Q

elevated systolic blood pressure range for adults

A

120-129 mm Hg

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9
Q

elevated diastolic blood pressure range for adults

A

< 80 mm Hg

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10
Q

stage 1 hypertension systolic blood pressure range for adults

A

130-139 mm Hg

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11
Q

stage 1 hypertension diastolic blood pressure range for adults

A

80-89 mm Hg

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12
Q

stage 2 hypertension systolic blood pressure range for adults

A

> = 140 mm Hg

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13
Q

stage 2 hypertension diastolic blood pressure range for adults

A

> = 90 mm Hg

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14
Q

tension headache symptoms

A

-dull, bilateral “hatband” pain
-constant, not pulsing
-may or may not have photophobia or phonophobia
-stiff neck muscles

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15
Q

migraine headache symptoms

A

-unilateral pulsing/throbbing pain
-nausea and vomiting
-may cause photophobia or phonophobia
-10% - 30% of patients have prodromal symptoms

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16
Q

migraine aura headache symptoms

A

-often starts before or at onset of migraine
-may last ~5-60 minutes
-tingling in extremities
-changes in vision/blind spots/flashes of light
-sensory changes

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17
Q

cluster headache symptoms

A

-unilateral/centered behind an eye
-severe, debilitating, constant pain
-nausea/vomiting
-photophobia and phonophobia
-runny nose, nasal congestion, and eyelid swelling

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18
Q

additional information on tension headaches

A

-caused by stress or anxiety
-gradual onset
-variable duration (hours to days)
-can be treated by analgesics, caffeine, and stress management

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19
Q

additional information on migraine headaches

A

-caused by neuronal or vascular changes
-sudden onset
-lasts 4-72 hours
-treatments include dark room, lying down, botulism toxin (Botox), triptans, and biologics

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20
Q

additional information on cluster headaches

A

-caused by hypoxia or histamine or serotonin release
-sudden onset
-lasts 15 minutes to 3 hours (can last for months)
-treated with oxygen

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21
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis symptoms

A

-ocular yellow/green discharge (often worse in the morning)
-may start in one eye and spread to the other
-red/pink eyes
-eye pain and blurred vision

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22
Q

viral conjunctivitis symptoms

A

-usually clear, watery discharge
-red/pink eyes
-may have other upper respiratory tract symptoms (i.e., runny nose, sore throat, cough)
-eye pain

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23
Q

allergic conjunctivitis symptoms

A

-eye itching or discomfort
-clear watery discharge
-pink/red eyes
-sneezing or runny nose

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24
Q

dry eye conjunctivitis symptom

A

sandy/gritty feeling or like something is stuck in the eye

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25
irritant conjunctivitis symptom
foreign body in the eyes (i.e., chemicals, smoke, objects, chlorine, etc.)
26
blepharitis symptom
inflammation of the edge of the eyelid
27
otitis externa (swimmer's ear) symptoms
-ear pain or swelling with or without purulent discharge -fever -hearing impairment
28
otitis media symptoms
-ear pain (children will tug at ear, be cranky, or feel bad) -decreased hearing -fever
29
otitis media with effusion symptoms
-fullness in ear and/or decreased hearing -ear popping when yawning -no pain or fever
30
cerumen impaction symptoms
-hearing impairment -pain or ringing in ears
31
ototoxicity symptoms
-hearing loss -ringing in ears -dizziness
32
allergic rhinitis symptoms
-watery eyes -clear runny nose -post-nasal drip -sneezing -coughing -itchy eyes, ears, and nose
33
viral sinusitis symptoms
-inflammation and/or infection of the sinuses -headache -facial pain or pressure -fever
34
bacterial sinusitis symptoms
-inflammation and/or infection of the sinuses -purulent nasal discharge -headache -facial pain or pressure -fever
35
pharyngitis symptoms
-pain when swallowing -sore or scratchy throat -hoarse voice -tonsillar swelling with or without pus -bad breath -fever
36
canker sores symptom
white, painful sores on the inner lining of the mouth
37
cold sores symptoms
-painful reddish blisters that may rupture and form crusty lesions on the soft tissues -may flare when stressed
38
oral candidiasis (thrush) symptoms
-white patches/plaque on the tongue, inner cheek, or throat -cotton-like feeling in mouth -occasional pain on swallowing
39
gingivitis symptoms
-bad breath -red/swollen gums that may bleed easily
40
when to refer for headaches
-uncontrolled hypertension -trauma -neck stiffness -fever, weakness, or fatigue (signs and symptoms of infection) -stroke -confusion -frequent occurrences (> 15 per month) -sudden, frequent onset headaches in older population -OTCs are ineffective -having migraine/cluster headaches
41
when to refer for eye problems
-eye pain -significant vision changes -unable to remove foreign body -photophobia -trauma -symptoms are worsening or not improving -self-care options have been unsuccessful -contact lens wearers -exposure to chemicals -severe eye redness -bacterial conjunctivitis
42
when to refer for ear problems
-severe pain with or without visible swelling -signs of infection -foreign objects in ear -trauma/bleeding -ruptured tympanic membrane (eardrum) -symptoms for more than 4 days -children younger than 12 -immunocompromised at baseline -cognitive impairment
43
when to refer for nose problems
-severe sinus pain or headache not relieved by OTC analgesics -signs of bacterial infection (i.e., purulent discharge, initial improvement then worsening, more than 7 days of symptoms) -changes in vision
44
when to refer for throat problems
-trouble swallowing or breathing -high fever -bacterial -symptoms last for > 7 days (pharyngitis) -immunocompromised patients -oral candidiasis -gingivitis -lesions covering a large area or causing significant pain -symptoms not relieved in 1-2 weeks
45
pharmacologic treatments for headaches
-ibuprofen -acetaminophen -aspirin + caffeine + acetaminophen (Excedrin)
46
pharmacologic treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis
antibiotic eye drops (Rx only)
47
pharmacologic treatments for viral conjunctivitis
-eye lubricants -ocular decongestants -oral antihistamines
48
pharmacologic treatments for allergic conjunctivitis
-antihistamine/vasoconstrictor eyedrops -mast cell stabilizers (i.e., cromolyn eyedrops)
49
pharmacologic treatment for dry eye conjunctivitis
artificial tears
50
pharmacologic treatment for blepharitis
artificial tears
51
pharmacologic treatments for otitis externa
-antibacterial and/or glucocorticoid ear drops -antiseptic ear drops -oral analgesics (i.e., acetaminophen or ibuprofen)
52
pharmacologic treatments for otitis media
-analgesics or antipyretics -oral antibiotics if not resolved within 48 hours
53
pharmacologic treatments for otitis media with effusion
-analgesics -pressure equalization tubes
54
pharmacologic treatments for water clogged ear
-ear drying agents (i.e., isopropyl alcohol) -ear plugs when in water
55
pharmacologic treatment for cerumen impaction
cerumenolytic agents (i.e., mineral oil, carbamide peroxide (Debrox), acetic acid, saline, hydrogen peroxide)
56
pharmacologic treatments for ototoxicity
-aspirin -loop diuretics (i.e., furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide) -aminoglycosides (i.e., gentamycin, tobramycin, neomycin) -chemotherapeutic agents (i.e., cisplatin and carboplatin) -antimalarials (i.e., quinine and chloroquine)
57
pharmacologic treatments for allergic rhinitis
-nasal saline rinses -intranasal steroid sprays (i.e., fluticasone and budesonide) -oral antihistamines (i.e., cetirizine, fexofenadine, levocetirizine, loratadine) -intranasal antihistamines (i.e., azelastine) -decongestants (i.e., pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, intranasal oxymetazoline) -montelukast
58
pharmacologic treatments for sinusitis
-if lasts > 7 days, then antibiotics -analgesics (ibuprofen or acetaminophen) -oral or intranasal decongestants
59
pharmacologic treatments for pharyngitis
-benzocaine/phenol cough drops or spray -oral analgesics -antibiotics (if bacterial)
60
pharmacologic treatment for canker sores
topical benzocaine or viscous lidocaine (Rx)
61
pharmacologic treatments for cold sores
-docosanol (Abreva) -oral antivirals (acyclovir and valacyclovir; Rx only)
62
pharmacologic treatment for oral candidiasis
antifungals (oral or topical)
63
pharmacologic treatment for gingivitis
antiseptic rinses

PHRM820 (1 decks)

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