PBL 1 Flashcards
(34 cards)
what are the functions of the frontal lobe?
emotional expression personality problem solving judgement motor function language motivation social behaviour
what are the symptoms of a frontal lobe stroke?
hemiparesis or hemiplegia speech difficulties dysphagia ataxia incontinence impaired spatial reasoning vascular dementia behaviour changes personality changes cognitive deficits e.g. making decisions
what is hemiparesis?
weakness or the inability to move on one side of the body
what is dysphagia?
issues with swallowing
what is ataxia?
difficulty with coordinated movement
what are the functions of the temporal lobe?
processing emotions language certain aspects of visual and audiotory perception understanding language learning memory face recognition
what are the symptoms of a temporal lobe stroke?
poor memory prosopagnosia fluent aphasia - speak fluently but use the wrong words difficulty with depth perception trouble with sound emotional and behavioural changes
what are the functions of the parietal lobe?
learned skills e.g. reading, writing, calculations
recognition of objects
spatial awareness
ability to perform complex skills e.g. driving a car
what are the symptoms of a parietal lobe stroke?
aphasia spatial neglect vision changes - most likely results in inferior quadrantanopia proprioception dysfunction executive function Gerstmann syndrome
what is Gerstmann syndrome?
a parietal lobe stroke in te dominant hemisphere can result in this syndrome which is characterized by difficulty with left-right orinetation, agraphia, acalculia and finger agnosia
can also be caused by brain tumour, MS and aneurysm of MCA
what are the functions of the occipital lobe?
spatial processing, ability to distinguish between different cokours, spatial awareness, colour and object recognition, hand eye coordination
what are the symptoms of an occipital lobe stroke?
cortical blindness partial vision loss visual hallucinations homonomous hemianopia central vision defect
what is aphasia?
loss of ability to understand or express speech
what is Alexia?
inability to read despite recognising letters
Outline the blood supply to the eye?
off the optic nerve we get the ciliaryartery which branches into short and long posterior ciliary arteries.
short posterior ciliary arteries pierce the back of the sclera to enter the choroid layer whilst long posterior ciliary arteries pass around the eyeball to pierce the sclera in the anterior portion of the eye
central artery of retina supplies the internal surface of the retina (it pierces the optic nerve to enter the retina at the optic disc)
what do the short posterior ciliary arteries supply?
the choroid and parts of the optic nerve
what do the long posterior ciliary arteries supply?
ciliary bodies
what forms the major arterial circle of the iris?
long posterior ciliary arteries and the anterior ciliary arteries
what do the anterior ciliary arteries supply?
rectus muscles, conjunctiva, and sclera
what does the central artery of the retina supply?
the internal surface of the retina
what happens if we get a central retinal artery occlusion?
sudden loss of eyesight
outline the venous draianage of the eye?
2 superior vortex veins drain into the superior opthalmic vein
2 inferior vortex veins drian into the inferior opthalmic veins
the opthalmic veins draininto the cavernous sinus
the central retinal vein also drains into this
What thrombolysis drug is used as secondary stroke prevention?
alteplase if caught within 4.5 hours
what is dysphasia?
a language disorder marked by deficiency in the generation of speech and sometimes also in its compregension
