PBL Block 1 Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer that protects the cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
It consists of membrane lipids and membrane proteins.
What are the components of cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm includes cytosol and organelles such as the cytoskeleton (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules).
What is the structure and function of the nucleus?
The nucleus contains the nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and chromosomes, serving as the control center for cell activities.
How do cells differ in size and shape?
Cells differ in size and shape due to their specific functions and roles in the organism.
What is membrane fluidity?
Membrane fluidity refers to the viscosity of the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane, affecting its flexibility and permeability.
Define selective permeability.
Selective permeability is the property of a plasma membrane that allows certain molecules to pass while blocking others.
What is an electrochemical gradient?
An electrochemical gradient is the difference in concentration and charge across a membrane, driving the movement of ions.
What are passive processes for transporting substances across the plasma membrane?
Passive processes include:
* Diffusion
* Simple diffusion
* Facilitated diffusion
* Osmosis.
What are active processes for transporting substances across the plasma membrane?
Active processes include:
* Active transport
* Primary active transport
* Secondary active transport
* Transport in vesicles
* Endocytosis
* Receptor-mediated endocytosis
* Phagocytosis
* Bulk-phase endocytosis
* Exocytosis
* Transcytosis.
What is the sequence of events during protein synthesis?
The sequence includes:
* Gene expression
* Transcription
* Translation.
What are the components of the genetic code?
The genetic code consists of:
* Base triplet
* Codon.
What occurs during the S phase of the somatic cell cycle?
DNA replication occurs during the S phase.
What are the phases of mitosis?
The phases of mitosis are:
* Prophase
* Metaphase
* Anaphase
* Telophase.
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse cells.
Name the four basic types of tissues in the human body.
The four basic types of tissues are:
* Epithelial tissue
* Connective tissue
* Muscle tissue
* Nervous tissue.
What are the general features of epithelial tissue?
Epithelial tissue features include:
* Covering and lining of surfaces
* Arrangement of cells
* Cell shape.
What are the types of cell junctions?
Types of cell junctions include:
* Tight junctions
* Desmosomes
* Gap junctions.
What are the general features of connective tissue?
General features include a matrix composed of ground substance and fibers, and various types of connective tissue cells.
What are the three types of muscle tissues?
The three types of muscle tissues are:
* Skeletal muscle
* Cardiac muscle
* Smooth muscle.
What defines a membrane?
A membrane is a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space.
What are the different types of membranes?
Types of membranes include:
* Mucous membrane
* Serous membrane
* Cutaneous membrane
* Synovial membrane.
What is cellular adaptation?
Cellular adaptation is the process by which cells adjust to changes in their environment.
Define hyperplasia.
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells, resulting in tissue enlargement.
What is hypertrophy?
Hypertrophy is the increase in cell size, leading to tissue growth.
