PBM Lecture Exam 1

Question 1

Reserpine

Answer 1

inhibit syn/storage of NE in sym n endings

Question 2

Guanethidine

Answer 2

block release of NE from sym endings

Question 3

Phentolamine

Phenoxybenzamine

Answer 3

block sym alpha receptors

Question 4

Propranolol

Metoprolol

Answer 4

block sym beta receptors
propranolol (beta 1 and 2)
metoprolol (mainly beta 1)

Question 5

Hexamethonium

Answer 5

sym activity blocked by inhibiting n transmission through autonomic ganglia
Works on nic-receptor
(Decreases reflex tachycardia if you drop BP)

Question 6

Muscarine

Nicotine

Answer 6

direct-acting parasympathomimetic (cholinergic drugs)

bind directly to and activate receptors

Question 7

Edrophonium

Answer 7

quaternary alcohol

• -REVERSIBLY bind active site of AchE, prevent Ach access
• -indirect-acting cholinomimetrics

Question 8

Neostigmine

Physostigmine

Answer 8

carbamates

• -REVERSIBLY bind AchE to form carbamoylated enz which is slowly hydrolyzed – more prolonged
• -indirect acting cholinomimetics

Question 9

Parathion

Malathion

Answer 9

organophosphates
--undergo initial binding and hydrolysis by enz resulting in phosphorylated active site, phosphorous-enz complex 
extremely stable 
--IRREVERSIBLE -- very slowly hydrolyzed
--insecticides that can kill you

Question 10

Sympathomimetic (adrenergic) drugs

Answer 10

act on adrenergic effector organs
Examples:
Phenylephrine (alpha 1 receptor)
Isoproterenol (beta receptor)
Albuterol (beta 2 receptor)

Drugs w/ indirect sympathomimetic action: cause release of NE from storage vesicles in sym n endings –> NE causes sym effects
Examples:
ephedrine
amphetamin

Question 11

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

Answer 11

mutation in Na+ channel
Met–>Val
Thr –> Met

Question 12

Paramyotonia congenita

Answer 12

mutation in Na+ channel
Leu --> Arg
Arg --> His or Cys
Gly-->Val
Thr--> Met

Question 13

Modulators of VG Ca channels

Answer 13

Dihydropyridines:
--nitrendipine (inhibitor)
--Bay K8644 (agonist)
Verapmil (phenylalkylamines)
Ditiazem (benzothiazepines)

Question 14

Curare

Answer 14

Ach receptor agonist

Question 15

Botulinum toxin

Answer 15

dec Ach release by n terminals

Question 16

TTX

STX

Answer 16

block neuronal Na channel in presynaptic neuron

Question 17

w-Conotoxin

Answer 17

Ca2+ channel blocker on presynaptic neuron

Question 18

TTX
SSX
u-Conotoxin

Answer 18

blocks muscle Na+ channel at NMJ

Question 19

TEA

Answer 19

Blocks K+ current

Question 20

TTX and STX

Answer 20

Blocks Na+

Question 21

Dendrotoxin

Answer 21

blocks K+ channel at presynaptic neuron

Question 22

Tetanus

Botulinum toxin

Answer 22

blocks Ach release from presynaptic neuron

Question 23

Physostigmine

DFP

Answer 23

block acetylcholinesterase

Question 24

Acetylcholine and nicotine

Answer 24

activate Ach Receptor

Question 25

d-Tubocurarine | alpha-Bungarotoxin

Answer 25

block Ach channel | nicotinic

Question 26

Agonists of nicotinic receptors

Answer 26

Ach Carbylcholine Succinylcholine Nicotine

Question 27

Antagonists of nicotinic receptors

Answer 27

D-Tubocurarine | Pancuronium

Question 28

Atropine | Pirenzepine

Answer 28

inhibit M1, M3, M4 receptors

Question 29

Atropine | Methoctramine

Answer 29

inhibits M2, M4 receptors

Question 30

Phentolamine

Answer 30

blocks alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

Question 31

Yohimbine

Answer 31

blocks alpha-2 adrenergic receptors

Question 32

Metoprolol

Answer 32

blocks beta 1 adrenergic receptors

Question 33

Butoxamine

Answer 33

blocks beta-2 adrenergic receptors

Question 34

Disease caused by failure of heart as a pump

Answer 34

Congestive heart failure

Question 35

Disease caused by failure of blood as an effective liq organ

Answer 35

Thrombosis | Embolism

Question 36

Disease caused by failure of vasculature as a competent container

Answer 36

Hemorrhage

Question 37

Disease caused by failure of efficient distribution system

Answer 37

Atherosclerosis

Question 38

Nucleotide gated channels

Answer 38

cAMP | cGMP

Question 39

K+channels

Answer 39

Shaker Shal Shan Shaw

Question 40

Brain Na+channels

Answer 40

Na I Na II Na III

Question 41

Ca2+ channels

Answer 41

Ca skeletal Ca heart Ca brain

Question 42

Nervous stimulation for copious sweating

Answer 42

Sym stimulation BUT | Cholinergic (Ach) -- MUSCARINIC

Question 43

Atropine | Scopolamine

Answer 43

``` belladonna alkaloids (plant-based) muscarinic receptor antagonists ```

Question 44

Succinylcholine | Tubocurarine

Answer 44

Nicotinic receptor agonists

Question 45

Ipratropium | Tropicamide

Answer 45

synthetic agents | muscarinic receptor antagonists

Question 46

Hexamethonium

Answer 46

ganglionic blocker | nicotinic