pbs unit 1

Question 1

part of the eyes

Answer 1

iris, pupil, lens, and retina

Question 2

Iris function

Answer 2

control the amount of light that enters the eye

Question 3

light sensitivity

Answer 3

both inside light and bright light can worsen headaches

Question 4

how do eyes see

Answer 4

eyes capture light and transmit it into images because the optic nerve carries the information to the brain

Question 5

bones of the ear

Answer 5

hammer, anvil, and stirrup (smallest bone in human body)

Question 6

hearing range

Answer 6

20Hz to 20,000Hz

Question 7

main parts of the ear

Answer 7

outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear

Question 8

What happens when you yawn

Answer 8

the Eustachian tube opens and air flows into or out of your middle ear

Question 9

Nose location in relation to palatine bone

Answer 9

it is above the palatine bone

Question 10

membrane responsible for smell

Answer 10

olfactory membrane

Question 11

Connection between nose and throat

Answer 11

milk can come out of your nose because the nasal cavity is connected to the throat

Question 12

3 main components of blood

Answer 12

1-white blood cells 2-platelets 3-red blood cells

Question 13

rules for naming organisms

Answer 13

organisms are named by their genus and species. First letter of genus always capitalized and species lowercase. Both names must always be italicized or underlined

Question 14

what is the streak plate method

Answer 14

process used to allow bacteria to grow in isolated colonies

Question 15

what does binary fission result in

Answer 15

millions of bacteria cells that have formed a new colony

Question 16

Phlebotomy

Answer 16

the process of making a puncture in a vein with a needle to extract blood

Question 17

pH scale

Answer 17

measured by showing levels of acidity or alkalinity on pH scale 0-14 0-7 being acid 7-14 being bases

Question 18

white blood cells

Answer 18

-fight infection -create antibodies -clean up dead or damaged cells

Question 19

Red blood cells

Answer 19

the cells that transport oxygen around the body

Question 20

hematocrit

Answer 20

the proportion of red blood cells in the blood

Question 21

platelets

Answer 21

the cell fragments that assist with clotting

Question 22

ATP

Answer 22

energy stored in the bonds of ATP

Question 23

ATP cycle

Answer 23

-adp attaches to a phosphate + energy absorbed = ATP
-ATP=ADP + released phosphate +energy lost

Question 24

cellular respiration definition

Answer 24

the process by which cells generate energy using chemical reactions

Question 25

where does cellular respiration occur

Answer 25

in the mitochondria of our cells

Question 26

what does cellular respiration require

Answer 26

oxygen which we breath in and ATP

Question 27

nucleic acids is...

Answer 27

not an energy source

Question 28

nucleic acid function

Answer 28

biomolecules that carry the instructions for producing proteins (DNA and RNA)

Question 29

where is glucose

Answer 29

in our bloodstream -the pancreas releases a hormone called insulin which tells the cells in our body to take in glucose

Question 30

pathogen

Answer 30

bacterium virus or microorganism that can cause diseases

Question 31

antigen

Answer 31

identifying protein that is found on the surface of a pathogen

Question 32

Non specific

Answer 32

not assignable to a particular pathogen but protects from all. Ex skin stops material for getting into body

Question 33

specific

Answer 33

assignable to a particular pathogen or process only. Ex antibodies destroy viruses

Question 34

5 types of white blood cells

Answer 34

1and 2) non specific: granulocytes and monocytes 3 and 4) T cells and B cells 5) Lymphocytes

Question 35

1st level of defense

Answer 35

Non specific external: prevent pathogens from entering body

Question 36

1st level of defense examples

Answer 36

earwax, dead skins, hair, mucus, nostrils, sweat, and oils

Question 37

2nd defense

Answer 37

Non specific internal immune: Phagocytes, macrophages (move to remove dead cells and foreign bodies), inflammation, and fever

Question 38

3rd defense

Answer 38

specific internal immune: T cells, B cells , and acquired immunity

Question 39

what are T cells

Answer 39

-two main types of T cells Helper T cells and killer t cells -helper T cells activate B cells and killer T cells -killer T cells aim to kill infection right away -primary targets is intracellular pathogens

Question 40

What are B cells

Answer 40

-made in bone marrow; attack invaders in blood -create proteins called antibodies -works like a lock and key that only works with one kind of antigen