PCAR FINALS Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
applies to commercial air transport (both international & domestic) for airplanes
A
Part 1
2
Q
___ (airplanes) and _____ (helicopters) apply to general aviation (both international & domestic).
A
Part II; Part III Section III
3
Q
apply to helicopters in commercial air transport; except for aerial work operations.
A
Part III; Sections I and II
4
Q
CAR Part 8 Scope
A
Sets rules for:
Philippine-licensed airmen operating Philippine-registered aircraft.
Philippine operators using foreign-registered aircraft.
Foreign airmen or operators flying within Philippine airspace.
5
Q
Philippine pilots and operators must follow Philippine rules unless doing so would break the laws of the country they’re flying in.
A
International Operations
6
Q
The total length of the runway plus any extra stopway for aborted takeoffs.
A
Accelerate-Stop Distance Available (ASDA)
7
Q
Airspace where air traffic advisory service is available.
A
Advisory Airspace
8
Q
Special-purpose flights like crop dusting; aerial photography; surveying; rescue; banner towing; etc.
A
Aerial Work
9
Q
Intentional flight maneuvers with sudden attitude changes; unusual positions; or speed changes.
A
Aerobatic Flight
10
Q
Any machine that flies by air reaction — like planes; helicopters; balloons (excluding ground effect vehicles).
A
Aircraft
11
Q
Aircraft grouped by type: airplane; helicopter; glider; balloon; etc.
A
Aircraft Category
12
Q
An aircraft approved to be safely flown by one pilot.
A
Aircraft Certificated for Single-Pilot Operation
13
Q
An official manual that contains procedures; limits; checklists; system details — used for normal and emergency situations (part of the operations manual).
A
Aircraft Operating Manual
14
Q
An aircraft type that must have a co-pilot; as stated in its flight manual or operator certificate.
A
Aircraft Required to be Operated with a Co-Pilot
15
Q
A system that monitors and records an aircraft’s real-time position (latitude; longitude; altitude; and time) during flight.
A
Aircraft Tracking
16
Q
All aircraft of the same basic design; even if modified — unless the modification changes how it handles or flies.
A
Aircraft - Type Of
17
Q
Using good judgment; knowledge; and skill to safely complete flight missions.
A
Airmanship
18
Q
A place; system; or equipment (like lights; radios; weather stations) used to help pilots navigate and control aircraft; including during takeoff and landing.
A
Air Navigation Facility
19
Q
A government-issued certificate that allows a company to legally perform commercial air transport operations.
A
Air Operator Certificate (AOC)
20
Q
A powered aircraft that flies using fixed wings and aerodynamic lift (like a traditional airplane).
A
Airplane (Aeroplane)
21
Q
An unwanted or unexpected situation where an airplane’s pitch; bank; or speed goes beyond normal safe limits.
A
Airplane Upset
22
Q
Training for pilots to prevent and recover from airplane upsets.
A
Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT)
23
Q
Avoiding the upset
A
Prevention Training
24
Q
Regaining control once upset occurs
A
Recovery Training
25
A defined area for aircraft arrivals; departures; and movement including runways; terminals; and other facilities.
Airport (Aerodrome)
26
The minimum weather and visibility conditions (limits) that must be met for takeoff and landing at an airport.
Airport Operating Minima
27
Means the aircraft or part is safe to fly and meets its approved design.
Airworthy
28
Backup airports for emergencies
Alternate Airport/Heliport
29
Types/kind of backup airports for emergencies
Take-off Alternate; En-route Alternate; Destination Alternate
30
Used if you can't return to the departure airport after takeoff.
Take-off Alternate
31
Used if a diversion is needed during flight
En-route Alternate
32
Used if landing at your planned destination isn't possible.
Destination Alternate
33
The difference between the altimeter reading (height) and the real altitude due to instrument error.
Altimetry System Error (ASE)
34
The angle between the wing's reference line and the direction of the incoming air — critical for lift.
Angle of Attack (AOA)
35
The final part of a helicopter flight from 1000 feet altitude (or the start of descent) until landing.
Approach and Landing Phase (Helicopters)
36
A type of precise landing approach using systems like ILS; MLS; GLS; or SBAS to guide the aircraft safely to the runway.
Approach Procedure with Vertical Guidance (APV)
37
The flight condition between the start of a stall warning and an actual stall.
Approach-to-Stall
38
The official safety and design standards set by the Philippine aviation authority for aircraft; engines; or propellers.
Appropriate Airworthiness Requirements
39
Training officially approved by the aviation authority; done under supervised programs — for flight crew; this is within an approved training organization.
Approved Training
40
A training school approved by the aviation authority to conduct flight crew training.
Approved Training Organization
41
A flexible navigation method allowing aircraft to fly on any path using ground; satellite; or onboard systems.
Area Navigation (RNAV)
42
An agreement where the aircraft and ground system automatically exchange position and status reports via data link.
Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Contract (ADS-C)
43
A non-pilot crew member assigned to ensure passenger safety and assist in emergencies (e.g.; flight attendants).
Cabin Crew Member
44
A full 24-hour period starting and ending at midnight.
Calendar Day
45
Any property transported by aircraft except for mail and personal baggage.
Cargo
46
A qualified person who performs pilot evaluations in real aircraft; simulators; or training devices.
Check Airman (Aircraft)
47
A person qualified to evaluate pilots — but only in simulators or training devices; not in actual aircraft.
Check Airman (Simulator)
48
Flights that carry passengers; cargo; or mail for payment or hire.
Commercial Air Transport Operation
49
A list of external parts an aircraft is allowed to fly without; along with performance or safety limitations if any.
Configuration Deviation List (CDL)
50
A city or place heavily used for homes; businesses; or recreation.
Congested Area
51
A dangerous area located within a congested place.
Congested Hostile Environment
52
A flight that is operating under instructions and clearance from Air Traffic Control (ATC).
Controlled Flight
53
A licensed pilot assisting the Captain (PIC) — also known as Second-in-Command (SIC) or First Officer (FO).
Co-pilot
54
Processes to ensure an aircraft or part stays airworthy and safe to operate throughout its service life.
Continuing Airworthiness
55
A smooth descent landing technique; without leveling off; that enhances safety during non-precision approaches.
Continuous Descent Final Approach (CDFA)
56
Specially trained instructors responsible for overseeing and maintaining the quality of Upset Prevention and Recovery Training.
Core Group UPRT Instructors
57
Anyone assigned by the airline to work on the aircraft during a flight (includes pilots and cabin crew).
Crew Member
58
The engine whose failure would most negatively affect the aircraft's flight or handling.
Critical Engine
59
Important; high-risk parts of a flight: taxiing; take-off; landing; and any flight below 10000 feet (except cruising).
Critical Phases of Flight
60
A pilot who takes over during cruise flight to let the main pilot or co-pilot rest.
Cruise Relief Pilot
61
A constant altitude or flight level maintained during a major part of a flight.
Cruising Level
62
The part of the runway that is officially declared safe and usable for the landing ground roll.
Landing Distance Available (LDA)
63
A specific point during landing where; if an engine fails; the pilot can safely decide to either continue landing or go around.
Landing Decision Point (LDP)
64
An aircraft with a maximum certified takeoff weight over 5700 kg.
Large Airplane
65
Large airplane is an aircraft with a maximum certified takeoff weight over ___?
5700 kg
66
A lightweight aircraft (non-helicopter) that meets several specific design and performance limits
Light-Sport Aircraft
67
Light-sport Aircraft specific design and performance limits
Low weight (max 600-650 kg depending on type);
Speed not exceeding 120 knots;
Seats only two people;
Simple engines and systems (single engine; fixed gear; non-pressurized);
Designed for easy flying and limited commercial use.
68
Flight hours logged by pilots during actual revenue (commercial) flights for an airline or operator.
Line Operating Flight Time
69
A measurement of the load (force) an airplane experiences compared to its weight; usually from aerodynamic or ground forces.
Load Factor
70
An accident or incident where an aircraft unintentionally deviates from its intended flight path; often leading to a crash.
Loss of Control in Flight (LOCI)
71
All tasks needed to keep an aircraft airworthy and safe; including inspections; repairs; replacements; and modifications.
Maintenance
72
A detailed document outlining a maintenance organization's structure; responsibilities; work scope; and quality control systems.
Maintenance Organization's Procedures Manual
73
A schedule of required maintenance tasks and intervals to ensure continued airworthiness and safe operation of an aircraft.
Maintenance Program
74
A formal certification that confirms maintenance work was completed properly and meets airworthiness standards.
Maintenance Release
75
Aircraft registered in the Philippines must display proper identification markings as outlined in?
Part 4
76
Aircraft must always be in an ______ to operate.
airworthy condition
77
Pilot-in-Command (PIC)
The _____must check if the aircraft is safe before the flight.
78
If the aircraft becomes unairworthy during a flight; the PIC must ??
stop the flight as soon as possible.
79
Aircraft with a ________ must only operate within the limits set by that certificate.
special airworthiness certificate
80
Aircraft must carry the __ and ___ suitable for the type of operation and route; as listed in Part 7.
required instruments and navigation equipment
81
Aircraft must carry the required instruments and navigation equipment suitable for the type of operation and route; as listed in____
Part 7
82
Authority.
Aircraft cannot take off with broken instruments unless allowed by the ____
83
Multi-engine aircraft may only operate with inoperative instruments if:
An approved Minimum Equipment List (MEL) is available.
The Authority has officially allowed MEL-based operations.
The MEL lists which items can be inoperative and under what conditions.
Pilots must have easy access to the MEL information before every flight.
The aircraft must follow all MEL conditions and limitations.
84
Some instruments cannot be listed as inoperative in the MEL, such as:
Safety-critical instruments required by the aircraft's certification.
Instruments required by airworthiness directives.
Equipment required for specific operations under Parts 7, 8, or 9.
85
Aircraft with inoperative instruments may still be flown if granted a ___
special flight permit
86
Aircraft must carry one of the following:
An approved Aircraft or Rotorcraft Flight Manual (AFM/RFM);
An Authority-approved Aircraft Operating Manual (AOM);
If no AFM or RFM; approved manuals; markings; or placards with safe operation limits.
87
Pilots must follow all____ listed in these documents.
operating limitations
88
Manuals must be ____
updated as required by the aircraft's State of Registry
89
must be clearly visible inside the aircraft.
Safety placards and markings
90
Aircraft must undergo the following inspections unless otherwise authorized:
Annual inspection every 12 months.
100-hour inspection for hire/remuneration flights.
Altimeter and pitot-static inspection for IFR flights every 24 months.
Transponder check every 12 months.
ELT (Emergency Locator Transmitter) check every 12 months.
91
Aircraft on an Authority-approved ____ may skip annual or 100-hour checks; as long as the alternative plan is followed.
alternative maintenance program
92
If key documents like the Certificate of Registration or Airworthiness are lost or stolen; the aircraft may still fly to?
a location where replacements can be obtained.
93
include security personnel; deportees; people in custody; and those with medical needs.
Special situation passengers
94
must meet ICAO Annex 16 standards
Noise certification
95
Aircraft cannot be operated unless it has valid insurance covering:
Aircraft hull; All persons onboard; Freight and mail; Third-party liability.
96
The insurance coverage must meet the standards set by the?
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP).
97
Starting _________; all Operators must have an aircraft tracking system to monitor planes throughout their flight area.
November 8; 2018
98
Position must be tracked automatically at least every 15 minutes if Air Traffic Services (ATS) cannot provide updates at that interval.
For large airplanes (over 27;000 kg and more than 19 seats):
99
For large airplanes position must be tracked automatically at least____ if Air Traffic Services (ATS) cannot provide updates at that interval.
every 15 minutes
100
Tracking must also be automatic every 15 minutes; especially when outside Philippine territory; if ATS cannot provide updates.
For oceanic flights by aircraft (over 45;500 kg and more than 19 seats):
101
For oceanic flights by aircraft tracking must also be automatic _____; especially when outside Philippine territory; if ATS cannot provide updates.
every 15 minutes
102
Operators must also create ______ for storing aircraft tracking data to help Search and Rescue (SAR) determine the last known position if needed
Authority-approved procedures
103
Operators must also create Authority-approved procedures for storing aircraft tracking data to help ______ determine the last known position if needed
Search and Rescue (SAR)
104
Aircraft Maintenance Requirements are rules cover the inspection of Philippine-registered civil aircraft operating ____ the country
inside or outside
105
If the aircraft is under an _____; some specific inspection rules don't apply.
approved continuous maintenance program (from Part 9)
106
must have all required equipment as per Philippine standards; or equivalent as accepted by the Authority.
Foreign-registered aircraft flying in the Philippines
107
Owners or lessees of aircraft over ___ must report maintenance and operational experience data to ensure ongoing airworthiness; as required under Subpart 8.3.1.6.
5700 kg
108
Owners or lessees of aircraft over 5;700 kg must report maintenance and operational experience data to ensure ongoing airworthiness; as required under____
Subpart 8.3.1.6.
109
The____ must maintain the aircraft in an airworthy condition and follow all airworthiness directives.
aircraft owner or operator
110
The aircraft owner or operator must maintain the aircraft in an airworthy condition and follow all _____
airworthiness directives.
111
Only authorized personnel can perform ____; ____; or ___ — as per regulations.
maintenance; preventive maintenance; or alterations
112
Aircraft with a manufacturer's ____ must follow the airworthiness limitations section; including part replacements; inspections; and procedures.
maintenance manual
113
Aircraft with a manufacturer's maintenance manual must follow the_____; including part replacements; inspections; and procedures.
airworthiness limitations section
114
Operators must select and follow one of these inspection programs
Annual Inspection, Annual/100-Hour Inspection, Progressive Inspection, Continuous Airworthiness Program
115
An aircraft cannot be signed off as airworthy unless:
Life-limited parts are replaced on schedule.
The whole aircraft and equipment pass the inspection program.
116
If operators want to create or modify an inspection program; they must submit:
Detailed procedures and checklists for inspection.
A schedule for when inspections must happen (based on flight hours; calendar dates; or system cycles).
117
Non-complex aircraft (< 5;700 kg) that are_____ can follow an annual inspection program
not used for commercial air transport
118
Inspections must be performed by an ______ or an ______
Aircraft Maintenance Technician (AMT/A&P) or Approved Maintenance Organization (AMO).
119
An aircraft cannot be operated unless; within the last 12 months:
It has passed an annual inspection.
It has passed the inspection required for the issuance of a Certificate of Airworthiness.
120
Annual/100-Hour inspections
what is used by commercial air transport and Flight instruction for hire
121
commercial air transport and Flight instruction for hire must pass:
An Annual or 100-hour inspection every 100 flight hours.
Be approved for return to service under Part 5.
122
If an aircraft goes over the 100-hour limit by a maximum of _____; the extra hours must be counted toward the next inspection cycle.
10 hours while en route
123
Both annual and 100-hour inspections must be done by an ____; with proper documentation and release.
AMO
124
what is used by aircrafts below 5700 kg (even for commercial air transport)
Progressive Inspections
125
Progressive inspections uses?
Approved Maintenance Organization (AMO).
126
Provide _____ for proper inspections. (progressive inspections)
suitable facilities and equipment
127
Ensure inspections happen so the aircraft is fully checked within every____ (progressive inspections)
12 months.
128
If the progressive inspection program is discontinued; a _____ is required within 12 months of the last full inspection.
new annual inspection
129
If the progressive inspection program is discontinued, a ____ is due 100 hours after the last full inspection.
100-hour inspection
130
If the progressive inspection program is discontinued only a ____ (thorough check of the whole aircraft) restarts the clock; not partial checks.
complete inspection
131
must choose and follow one of the Authority-approved inspection programs
Owners or operators of Large aircraft over 5;700 kg; Turbine-powered multi-engine airplanes; and Turbine-powered rotorcraft
132
Owners or operators of Large aircraft over 5;700 kg; Turbine-powered multi-engine airplanes; and Turbine-powered rotorcraft must choose and follow one of these Authority-approved inspection programs:
The manufacturer's recommended program.
An approved continuous airworthiness program for that aircraft type.
A custom inspection program approved by the Authority.
133
The program must list the _____ and be shared with the person doing the inspection.
responsible person's name and address
134
The program specifies _____
(wag kayo magalit eh buong yan naka-bold!!)
who can perform maintenance and inspections.
135
Operators have _____ for reconsideration
30 days to petition
136
Unless it's an emergency; filing a petition _____ until the Authority decides
pauses the change
137
Owners/operators must keep (record name and time)
Maintenance records (inspections; repairs; modifications) for at least one year or until the work is redone.
Service records (total time; overhaul status; Airworthiness Directives; inspection status) for at least 90 days after a part is permanently retired.
138
When an aircraft is _______; the owner must transfer all relevant maintenance and inspection records (from 8.3.1.8 and 8.3.1.9) to the new owner or lessee.
sold or leased
139
When an aircraft is sold or leased; the owner must transfer all relevant ______ (from 8.3.1.8 and 8.3.1.9) to the new owner or lessee.
maintenance and inspection records
140
The records can be in _______ — as long as the code is clear and approved.
plain language or coded form
141
While leased; the operator must continue to _____
comply with maintenance record requirements.
142
If no _____ is available; flight operations can still proceed with inoperative instruments or equipment; provided specific conditions are met.
Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL)
143
If no Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) is available; flight operations can still proceed with ;_____ provided specific conditions are met.
inoperative instruments or equipment
144
The inoperative equipment cannot be:
Part of VFR-day instruments.
Required on the aircraft's equipment list for the flight.
Required by Part 7 for the flight.
Required by airworthiness directives.
145
The _____ must assess the equipment to ensure it doesn't pose a safety hazard.
Pilot in Command (PIC)
146
The Pilot in Command (PIC) must assess the equipment to ensure it doesn't ___
pose a safety hazard.
147
If maintenance is required; it must be done and recorded according to
Part 5.
148
All aircraft must have an ____ outlining tasks and intervals for systems like airframes; engines; and avionics.
approved maintenance program
149
____ must hold valid licenses issued by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) and undergo periodic recertification.
Maintenance personnel
150
Maintenance personnel must hold valid licenses issued by the _____ and undergo periodic recertification.
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP)
151
All maintenance activities; including inspections; modifications; and repairs; must be documented in the ____
aircraft maintenance logbook.
152
The logbook must include details like the______
date; nature of work; and the person who performed it.
153
allows flight operations with inoperative equipment under specific conditions; ensuring that it doesn't affect flight safety
IS 8.2.1.5
154
ensures that aircraft are properly maintained with qualified personnel and detailed record-keeping to guarantee airworthiness.
IS 8.3
