PCAT Study 1

Question 1

Mutualism

Answer 1

A symbiosis where both organisms benefit

Question 2

Commensalism

Answer 2

One organism benefits and the other is not harmed or aided

Question 3

Hypothalamus

Answer 3

Structure of the brain that maintains homeostasis

Question 4

Cerebellum

Answer 4

Located in the hindbrain, that plays a role movement and balance

Question 5

Cerebral cortex

Answer 5

Processes sensory input, motor output, and most thought processes

Question 6

Thalamus

Answer 6

The relay and integration center between the brain and periphery.

Question 7

Hormones that the anterior pituitary gland synthesizes

Answer 7

Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, and growth hormone.

Question 8

Secretion of estrogen and progesterone is stimulated by which two hormones?

Answer 8

FSH and LH

Question 9

Glucocorticoid hormones

Answer 9

Any steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal gland. Example: Cortisol

Question 10

Insulin is released from which organ

Answer 10

Pancreas

Question 11

Insulin is released in response to _____

Answer 11

High glucose levels in the blood

Question 12

Sex linked traits are almost always on which chromosome?

Answer 12

X chromosome

Question 13

The terminal ileum is part of which organ?

Answer 13

The small intestine

Question 14

Cecum

Answer 14

The blind outpouching of the large intestine

Question 15

What is the primary role of the transverse colon?

Answer 15

Absorption of water and ions

Question 16

Light microscopy will show what characteristic of bacteria

Answer 16

General shape

Question 17

Gram negative bacteria

Answer 17

Thin cell wall, and contains periplasmic space between lipopolysaccharide membrane

Question 18

Thyroxine

Answer 18

A thyroid hormone secreted by the thyroid gland and plays a big role in metabolism.

Question 19

Hypothyroidism can result in

Answer 19

Weight gain, fatigue, intolerance to cold, and swelling of the thyroid gland

Question 20

Deficiency in aldosterone will affect

Answer 20

water and salt balance

Question 21

Deficiency of estrogen will affect

Answer 21

menstrual cycle

Question 22

Deficiency of cortisol will affect

Answer 22

Glucose metabolism and immune response

Question 23

Tricuspid valve

Answer 23

Located between the right atrium and ventricle prevents backflow

Question 24

Bicuspid valve

Answer 24

Also known as the mitral valve and is located between the left and right ventricle. Prevents backflow

Question 25

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 25

Regulates blood calcium

Question 26

During the menstrual cycle, ovulation is triggered by a surge in which hormone?

Answer 26

LH

Question 27

LH is secreted by which gland?

Answer 27

Anterior pituitary gland

Question 28

Secretion of LH will cause an ______ in progesterone production

Answer 28

Increase

Question 29

Secretion of LH will cause a _______ in gonadotropin releasing hormone releasing hormone

Answer 29

decrease

Question 30

Gonadotropin releasing hormone is released by the

Answer 30

Hypothalamus

Question 31

Maturation of the ovarian follicle is before or after the release of LH?

Answer 31

Before

Question 32

Peroxisomes role in the cell

Answer 32

Lipid and carb metabolism and disposal of hydrogen peroxide

Question 33

Alveoli

Answer 33

The site of gas exchange

Question 34

Larynx

Answer 34

Voicebox

Question 35

The 5 types of immunoglobulin are secreted from which type of cell?

Answer 35

Differentiated B lymphocytes

Question 36

Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 36

Destroy antigens directly

Question 37

Memory T cells

Answer 37

Enable the body to elicit a quicker response to future infections

Question 38

Helper T cells

Answer 38

Stimulate other B and T cells

Question 39

Axial skeleton contains

Answer 39

The skull, vertebral column and rib cage

Question 40

If not in the axial skeleton a bone is part of the

Answer 40

Appendicular

Question 41

Replication

Answer 41

Makes new DNA using the original DNA as the template

Question 42

Transcription

Answer 42

The production of RNA from a DNA template

Question 43

Post-transcriptional modification

Answer 43

Modifications made to an mRNA transcript after transcription has occurred. This includes removing introns and adding a poly(A) tail or a 5' cap.

Question 44

Cofactor

Answer 44

A molecule that an enzyme needs to help its enzymatic activity

Question 45

All of the oxygen the oxygen from a catabolized glucose molecule will end up as

Answer 45

exhaled carbon dioxide, via the citric acid cycle

Question 46

Beta cells in the pancreas secrete

Answer 46

insulin

Question 47

How does insulin affect blood sugar levels

Answer 47

It lowers blood sugar levels