PCC 350 Exam Eye

Question 1

cornea

Answer 1

tough outer covering of eye (kevlar)

Question 2

cornea info (4)

Answer 2

-no blood supply
-would blind you if it did
-gets nutrients through the aqueous humor
-provides 2/3 optical power

Question 3

pupil

Answer 3

hole that changes (by the iris) size depending on the amount of light in the environment
(black hole)

Question 4

iris

Answer 4

muscle that controls how much light enters the eye (ballsack)

Question 5

iris info (3)

Answer 5

-closes at high luminance (1.5 mm)
-opens at low luminance (maximum 8 mm)
-max vs min opening (15:1)

Question 6

optic nerve

Answer 6

the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
(mailman)

Question 7

sclera

Answer 7

outer membrane made out of collagen that maintains the eye’s spherical shape (bones)

Question 8

retina

Answer 8

outer sensitive layer of the eye; contains rods, cones, and cells (camera film)

Question 9

retina layers from light in to light out

Answer 9

GBAHRCP

Question 10

lens

Answer 10

focuses (camera)

Question 11

lens info (2)

Answer 11

-behind iris
-responsible for 1/3 optical power (cornea 2/3)

Question 12

macula

Answer 12

processes what you see exactly in front of you (central vision )
poke stick through and will hit it
(bullseye)

Question 13

aqueous humor

Answer 13

provides nutrients to cornea and lens
drains out every 4 hr through canals of schlemm
(pool)

Question 14

vitreous humor

Answer 14

gel that fills up eye
turns to liquid with age (shampoo)

Question 15

ciliary body

Answer 15

produces aqueous humor
(factory)

Question 16

canal of schlemm

Answer 16

drains out aqueous humor (drain)

Question 17

oblique muscle

Answer 17

focuses eye when you tilt
(xbox top joystick)

Question 18

rectus muscle

Answer 18

Controls the movement of the eye
(xbox bottom joystick)

Question 19

choroid

Answer 19

absorbs excess photons not absorbed by rods & cones
(sponge)

Question 20

11-cis-retinal

Answer 20

needed for binding with opsin in the photoreceptor rod cell to produce rhodopsin

Question 21

rods

Answer 21

enables vision when low luminance (night vision goggles)

Question 22

rhodopsin

Answer 22

the pigment in rod cells that causes light sensitivity

Question 23

cones

Answer 23

sensitive to color (snocone)

Question 24

cone types and ratio

Answer 24

S: blue - 1
M: green - 20
L: red - 40

Question 25

fovea

Answer 25

the central focal point in the retina (5 degree view)

Question 26

foveola

Answer 26

rod-free zone in the center of the fovea (1 degree view)

Question 27

macula vision

Answer 27

region on retina with 20 degree view (color vision 2-10 degree)

Question 28

optic disk

Answer 28

A hole in the retina where the optic nerve fibers exit the eye, causes a blind spot (car)

Question 29

ganglion cells

Answer 29

axons form the optic nerve which takes the information to the brain

Question 30

bipolar cells

Answer 30

Bundle information from multiple cones/rods together to smooth out and send to ganglion cells determines difference between light reaching closest cone vs average cones (calculator)

Question 31

amacrine cells

Answer 31

contact bipolar cells

Question 32

horizontal cells

Answer 32

receives info from cones

Question 33

L-Type Horizontal Cells

Answer 33

responds to light stimulus, all three cones

Question 34

C-Type Horizontal Cells

Answer 34

change in polarity, dependent on L, M, or S

Question 35

chiasma

Answer 35

crossing of optic fibers

Question 36

lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 36

impulses from optic nerve are grouped and sent to the visual cortex (deals with movement, orientation, and color)

Question 37

optic tract

Answer 37

leads from optic chiasma to terminate in lateral geniculate body

Question 38

visual cortex

Answer 38

receives, integrates, and processes visual information relayed from the retinas (V4 only color)