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PCOL 406 > PCOL 406 Exam 2 > Flashcards

PCOL 406 Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Nonselective a-blockers meds

A

phenoxybenzamine

phentolamine

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2
Q

Selective a1-blockers meds

A

doxazosin
tamsulosin
alfuzosin
silodosin

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3
Q

Nonselective B-blockers meds

A

propranolol
timolol
pindolol

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4
Q

Selective B1-blockers meds

A

atenolol
esmolol
metoprolol

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5
Q

a- and B- Adrenoceptor Antagonists

A

carvedilol

labetalol

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6
Q

Alfuzosin, tamsulosin mechanism of action

A

competitive a1-blocker

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7
Q

Alfuzosin, tamsulosin pharmacological effects

A

relax bladder, urethral and prostate smooth muscle

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8
Q

Alfuzosin, tamsulosin clinical use

A

urinary symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia

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9
Q

Doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin mechanism of action

A

competitive a1-blocker

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10
Q

Doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin pharmacological effects

A
  • causes vasodilation and decreases blood pressure

- relax bladder, urethral, and prostate smooth muscle

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11
Q

Doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin clinical use

A
  • hypertension

- urinary symptoms cause by benign prostatic hyperplasia

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12
Q

Phenoxybenzamine mechanism of action

A

noncompetitive a1- and a2- blocker

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13
Q

Phenoxybenzamine pharmacological effect

A

causes vasodilation and decreases blood pressure

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14
Q

Phenoxybenzamine clinical use

A

hypertension in pheochromocytoma

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15
Q

Phentolamine mechanism of action

A

competitive a1- and a2- blocker

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16
Q

Phentolamine pharmacological effect

A
  • causes vasodilation

- decreases vascular resistance and blood pressure

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17
Q

Phentolamine clinical use

A
  • hypertension in pheochromocytoma

- treat necrosis and ischemia after injection of an a-adrenoceptor agonist

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18
Q

Acebutolol mechanism of action

A

B1-blocker with ISA and MSA

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19
Q

Acebutolol pharmacological effect

A

decreases cardiac rate, output, O2 demand, AV node conduction, and blood pressure

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20
Q

Acebutolol clinical use

A
  • hypertension

- cardiac dysrhythmias

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21
Q

Atenolol mechanism of action

A

B1-blocker

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22
Q

Atenolol pharmacological effect

A

decreases cardiac rate, output, O2 demand, AV node conduction, and blood pressure

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23
Q

Atenolol clinical use

A
  • hypertension
  • angina pectoris
  • acute myocardial infarction
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24
Q

Betaxolol mechanism of action

A

B1-blocker

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25
Betaxolol pharmacological effect
- decreases cardiac rate, output, O2 demand, AV node conduction, and blood pressure - decreases intraocular pressure
26
Betaxolol clinical use
glaucoma
27
Bisoprolol mechanism of action
B1-blocker
28
Bisoprolol pharmacological effect
decreases cardiac rate, output, O2 demand, AV node conduction, and blood pressure
29
Bisoprolol clinical use
hypertension
30
Esmolol mechanism of action
B1-blocker
31
Esmolol pharmacological effect
decreases cardiac rate, output, O2 demand, AV node conduction, and blood pressure
32
Esmolol clinical use
acute supraventricular tachycardia and hypertension
33
Metoprolol mechanism of action
B1-blocker with MSA
34
Metoprolol pharmacological effect
decreases cardiac rate, output, O2 demand, AV node conduction, and blood pressure
35
Metoprolol clinical use
- hypertension - angina pectoris - acute myocardial infarction
36
Nadolol mechanism of action
B1- and B2- blocker
37
Nadolol pharmacological effect
decreases cardiac rate, output, O2 demand, AV node conduction, and blood pressure
38
Nadolol clinical use
- hypertension - angina pectoris - migraine headache
39
Nebivolol mechanism of action
B1-blocker
40
Nebivolol pharmacological effect
decreases cardiac rate, output, O2 demand, AV node conduction, and blood pressure
41
Nebivolol clinical use
hypertension
42
Pindolol mechanism of action
B1- and B2- blocker with ISA and MSA
43
Pindolol pharmacological effect
decreases cardiac rate, output, O2 demand, AV node conduction, and blood pressure
44
Pindolol clinical use
hypertension
45
Propranolol mechanism of action
B1- and B2- blocker with MSA
46
Propranolol pharmacological effect
decreases cardiac rate, output, O2 demand, AV node conduction, and blood pressure
47
Propranolol clinical use
- hypertension - angina pectoris - cardiac dysrhythmias - hypertrophic subaortic stenosis - essential tremor - migraine headache - acute thyrotoxicosis - acute myocardial infarction - pheochromocytoma
48
Timolol mechanism of action
B1- and B2- blocker
49
Timolol pharmacological effect
- decreases cardiac rate, output, O2 demand, AV node conduction, and blood pressure - decreases intraocular . pressure
50
Timolol clinical use
- hypertension - acute myocardial infarction - migraine headache - glaucoma
51
Carvedilol mechanism of action
B1- and B2- blocker, a1-blocker
52
Carvedilol pharmacological effect
- causes vasodilation - decreases heart rate and blood pressure in patients with hypertension - increases cardiac output in patients with heart failure
53
Carvedilol clinical use
- hypertension | - heart failure
54
Labetalol mechanism of action
B1- and B2- blocker with MSA, a1-blocker
55
Labetalol pharmacological effect
- causes vasodilation | - decreases heart rate and blood pressure
56
Labetalol clinical use
hypertension
57
Diuretics meds
thiazides | hydrochlorothiazide
58
Potassium Sparing Diuretics meds
amiloride
59
Sympatholytics adrenoceptor antagonist meds
``` carvedilol metoprolol propranolol atenolol doxazosin metyrosine ```
60
Sympatholytics centrally acting drugs meds
clonidine
61
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors meds
lisinopril benazepril enalapril
62
Angiotensin receptor antagonists meds
losartan candesartan irbesartan
63
Direct renin inhibitor meds
aliskiren
64
Vasodilators calcium channel blockers (CCBs) meds
``` amlodipine diltiazem nifedipine verapamil hydralazine ```
65
Vasodilators Dopamine agonist meds
fenoldopam
66
Primary Hypertension
cannot be attributed to a specific cause
67
Secondary Hypertension
results from an identifiable cause
68
Angiotensin II
may cause vascular injury by activating growth factors that cause vascular smooth muscle proliferation and hypertrophy as well as fibrotic changes in the vascular wall
69
Cardiac Output
product of stroke volume and heart rate, increased by sympathetic stimulation via activation of B1-adrenoceptors in the heart
70
PVR (Peripheral Vascular Resistance)
determined by the resistance to blood flow through the arterioles
71
Thiazide and loop diuretics common adverse effects
- blood cell deficiencies - hyperlipidemia - hyperuricemia - hypokalemia - electrolyte changes - aggravation of diabetes
72
Thiazide and loop diuretics common drug interactons
- increase serum levels of lithium - hypotensive effect decreased by NSAIDs - augmented by ACE inhibitors
73
Potassium sparing diuretics common adverse effects
hyperkalemia
74
Potassium sparing diuretics common drug interactions
hyperkalemic effect increased by ACE inhibitors and potassium supplements
75
a-adrenoceptor antagonists common adverse effects
- dizziness - first dose syncope - fluid retention - orthostatic hypotension
76
a-adrenoceptor antagonists common drug interactions
hypotensive effect increased by B-adrenoceptor antagonists and diuretics
77
Clonidine common adverse effects
- dry mouth - fatigue - rebound hypertension - sedation
78
Clonidine common drug interactions
- hypotensive effect decreased by tricyclic antidepressants | - sedative effect increased by CNS depressants
79
B-adrenoceptor antagonists common adverse effects
- bradycardia - bronchoconstriction - depression - fatigue - impaired glycogenolysis - vivid dreams
80
B-adrenoceptor antagonists common drug interactions
- cardiac depression increased by diltiazem and verapamil | - hypotensive effect decreased by NSAIDs
81
Guanfacine common adverse effects
- dry mouth - fatigue - rebound hypertension - sedation
82
Guanfacine common drug interactions
- hypotensive effect decreased by tricyclic antidepressants | - sedative effect increased by CNS depressants
83
Methyldopa common adverse effects
- autoimmune hemolytic anemia - hepatitis - lupus-like syndrome - dry mouth - fatigue - rebound hypertension - sedation
84
Methyldopa common drug interactions
- hypotensive effect increased by levodopa - hypotensive effect decreased by tricyclic antidepressants - sedative effect increased by CNS depressants
85
ACE inhibitors common adverse effects
- acute renal failure - angioedema - cough - hyperkalemia - metallic taste - neutropenia - rash
86
ACE inhibitors common drug interactions
- increase serum levels of lithium - hyperkalemic effect increased by potassium-sparing diuretics and potassium supplements - hypotensive effect decreased by NSAIDs
87
Angiotensin receptor antagonists common adverse effects
hyperkalemia
88
Angiotensin receptor antagonists common drug interactions
serum levels of drug increased by cimetidine and decreased by phenobarbital
89
Aliskiren common adverse effects
hyperkalemia
90
Aliskiren common drug interactions
- aliskiren reduces serum levels of furosemide | - cyclosporine increases levels of aliskiren
91
Dihydropyridine common adverse effects
- dizziness - edema - gingival hyperplasia - headache - tachycardia
92
Dihydropyridine common drug interactions
serum levels of drug increased by azole antifungal agents, cimetidine, and grapefruit juice
93
Diltiazem common adverse effects
- atrioventricular block - bradycardia - constipation - dizziness - edema - gingival hyperplasia - headache - heart failure
94
Diltiazem common drug interactions
- increases serum levels of carbamazepine, digoxin, and theophylline - decreases serum levels of lithium
95
Verapamil common adverse effects
- atrioventricular block - bradycardia - constipation - dizziness - edema - gingival hyperplasia - headache - heart failure
96
Verapamil common drug interactions
- increases serum levels of carbamazepine, digoxin, and theophylline - decreases serum levels of lithium
97
Hydralazine common adverse effects
- angina - dizziness - fluid retention - headache - lupus-like syndrome - tachycardia
98
Hydralazine common drug interactions
hypotensive effect decreased by NSAIDs
99
Minoxidil common adverse effects
- angina - dizziness - fluid retention - headache - hypertrichosis - pericardial effusion - tachycardia
100
Minoxidil common drug interactions
hypotensive effect decreased by NSAIDs
101
Nitroprusside common adverse effects
- dizziness - headache - increased intracranial pressure - methemoglobinemia - thiocyanate - cyanide toxicity
102
Nitroprusside common drug interactions
none
103
Fenoldopam common adverse effects
- headache | - nausea
104
Fenoldopam common drug interactions
none
105
Age 65+ most preferred drugs
ARB, ACEI, CCB, thiazide diuretic
106
Age 65+ least preferred drugs
clonidine, B-blocker
107
African heritage most preferred drugs
thiazide diuretic, CCB
108
African heritage least preferred drugs
B-blocker
109
Pregnant most preferred drugs
methyldopa, labetalol
110
Pregnant least preferred drugs
ACEI, ARB, aliskiren
111
Angina Pectoris most preferred drugs
B-blocker, CCB
112
Angina Pectoris least preferred drugs
hydralazine, minoxidil
113
Myocardial infarction most preferred drugs
ACEI, ARB, B-blocker, aldosterone antagonist
114
Myocardial infarction least preferred drugs
hydralazine, minoxidil
115
Congestive heart failure most preferred drugs
ACEI, ARB, B-blocker, thiazide or loop diuretics
116
Congestive heart failure least preferred drugs
verapamil
117
Stroke prevention most preferred drugs
ARB, ACEI, CCB, thiazide diuretic
118
Kidney disease most preferred drugs
ACEI or ARB
119
Diabetes most preferred drugs
ACEI, ARC, CCB, thiazide diuretic
120
Asthma most preferred drugs
ACEI, ARC, CCB, thiazide diuretic
121
Benign prostatic hyperplasia most preferred drugs
a-blocker
122
Migraine headache most preferred drugs
B-blocker, CCB
123
Osteoporosis most preferred drugs
thiazide diuretic
124
Organic Nitrites and Nitrates meds
amyl nitrate isosorbide dinitrate isosorbide mononitrate nitroglycerin
125
Calcium Channel Blockers meds
amlodipine nifedipine diltiazem verapamil
126
B-Adrenoceptor Antagonists meds
atenolol metoprolol nadolol propranolol
127
Other Agents meds
ranolazine ivabradine trimetazidine
128
Amlodipine oral bioavailability
75%
129
Amlodipine excreted unchanged in urine
10%
130
Amlodipine elimination half life
40 hours
131
Felodipine oral bioavailability
20%
132
Felodipine excreted unchanged in urine
1%
133
Felodipine elimination half life
14 hours
134
Nicardipine oral bioavailability
35%
135
Nicardipine excreted unchanged in urine
1%
136
Nicardipine elimination half life
3 hours
137
Nifedipine oral bioavailability
60%
138
Nifedipine excreted unchanged in urine
1%
139
Nifedipine elimination half life
3 hours
140
Nimodipine oral bioavailability
13%
141
Nimodipine excreted unchanged in urine
<1%
142
Nimodipine elimination half life
1.5 hours
143
Diltiazem oral bioavailability
55%
144
Diltiazem excreted unchanged in urine
3%
145
Diltiazem elimination half life
5 hours
146
Verapamil oral bioavailability
25%
147
Verapamil excreted unchanged in urine
3%
148
Verapamil elimination half life
5 hours
149
Digitalis glycoside meds
digoxin | digoxin immune fab
150
Adrenoceptor agonist meds
dobutamine
151
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor meds
milrinone
152
Vasodilators angiotensin inhibitors meds
enalapril | valsartan
153
Vasodilators neprilysin inhibitor meds
sacubitril
154
Other vasodilators
hydralazine isosorbide dinitrate nesiritide
155
Beta Adrenoceptor blocker med
carvedilol
156
Aldosterone antagonists meds
spironolactone | eplerenone
157
Diuretic med
furosemide
158
Digoxin cardiac effect
increases parasympathetic tone and decreases sympathetic tone
159
Dobutamine cardiac effect
increases blood pressure
160
Milrinone cardiac effect
reduces blood pressure
161
ACE inhibitors cardiac effect
reduces blood pressure
162
Hydralazine cardiac effect
reduces blood pressure
163
Isosorbide dinitrate cardiac effect
reduces pulmonary congestion
164
Nesiritide cardiac effect
reduces venous and arterial blood pressure
165
Loop-acting diuretics (furosemide and others) cardiac effect
reduces edema and congestion
166
Carvedilol cardiac effect
blocks a- and B- adrenoceptors
167
Digoxin oral bioavailability
75%
168
Digoxin onset of action
1 hour
169
Digoxin duration of action
24 hours
170
Digoxin elimination half life
36 hours
171
Digoxin excreted unchanged in urine
60%
172
Digoxin therapeutic serum level
0.5-2 ng/mL
173
Dobutamine onset of action
1 minute
174
Dobutamine duration of action
<10 minutes
175
Dobutamine elimination half-life
2 minutes
176
Dobutamine excreted unchanged in urine
0%
177
Milrinone onset of action
3 minutes
178
Milrinone duration of action
variable
179
Milrinone elimination half life
4 hours
180
Milrinone excreted unchanged in urine
60%
181
Digoxin common adverse effects
- anorexia - nausea and vomiting - arrhythmias - blurred vision - chromatopsia - gynecomastia - seizures
182
Digoxin common drug interactions
- antacids - cholestyramine - diltiazem - quinidine - verapamil
183
Dobutamine common adverse effects
excessive vasoconstriction and tachyarrhythmias
184
Dobutamine common drug interactions
adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists
185
Milrinone common adverse effects
- arrhythmias - hypotension - thrombocytopenia
186
Milrinone common drug interactions
unknown
187
Thiazide and related diuretics meds
hydrochlorothiazide | indapamide
188
Loop diuretics meds
ethacrynic acid | furosemide
189
Potassium sparing diuretics meds
amiloride spironolactone triamterene
190
Osmotic diuretics meds
glycerol | mannitol
191
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors meds
acetazolamide | dorzolamide
192
Antidiuretic hormone antagonists meds
conivaptan
193
Furosemide oral bioavailability
60%
194
Furosemide elimination half life
2 hours
195
Furosemide duration of action
7 hours oral | 2 hours IV
196
Torsemide oral bioavailability
80%
197
Torsemide elimination half life
3.5 hours
198
Torsemide duration of action
7 hours oral | 7 hours IV
199
Amiloride oral bioavailability
20%
200
Amiloride elimination half life
8 hours
201
Amiloride duration of action
24 hours oral
202
Spironolactone oral bioavailability
65%
203
Spironolactone elimination half life
1.5 hours
204
Spironolactone duration of action
60 hours oral
205
Triamterene oral bioavailability
50%
206
Triamterene elimination half life
4 hours
207
Triamterene duration of action
14 hours oral
208
Glycerol oral bioavailability
95%
209
Glycerol elimination half life
0.07 hours
210
Glycerol duration of action
1 hour oral
211
Mannitol elimination half life
1 hour
212
Mannitol duration of action
7 hours IV
213
Acetazolamide oral bioavailability
70%
214
Acetazolamide elimination half life
7.5 hours
215
Acetazolamide duration of action
10 hours oral
216
Dorzolamide duration of action
8 hours topical
217
Hydrochlorothiazide common adverse effects
- blood cell deficiencies - electrolyte imbalances - increased blood cholesterol, glucose, or uric acid levels
218
Hydrochlorothiazide common drug interactions
potentiates the diuretic effect of loop diuretics
219
Indapamide common adverse effects
- electrolyte imbalances | - increased blood cholesterol, glucose, or uric acid levels
220
Indapamide common drug interactions
potentiates the diuretic effect of loop diuretics
221
Metolazone common adverse effects
- blood cell deficiencies - electrolyte imbalances - increased blood cholesterol or glucose levels
222
Metolazone common drug interactions
potentiates the diuretic effect of loop diuretics
223
Bumetanide common adverse effects
- blood cell deficiencies - electrolyte imbalances - hearing impairment - rash
224
Bumetanide common drug interactions
- diuretic effect decreased by NSAIDs | - administration with ACE inhibitors may cause excessive hypotension
225
Ethacrynic acid common adverse effects
- blood cell deficiencies - electrolyte imbalances - hearing impairment - rash
226
Ethacrynic acid common drug interactions
diuretic effect decreased by NSAIDs
227
Furosemide common adverse effects
- blood cell deficiencies - electrolyte imbalances - hearing impairment - hypersensitivity reactions - increased blood cholesterol, glucose, or uric acid levels - photosensitivity
228
Furosemide common drug interactions
- diuretic effect decreased by NSAIDs | - administration with ACE inhibitors may cause excessive hypotension
229
Torsemide common adverse effects
- electrolyte imbalances | - increased blood cholesterol, glucose, or uric acid levels
230
Torsemide common drug interactions
- diuretic effect decreased by NSAIDs | - administration with ACE inhibitors may cause excessive hypotension
231
Amiloride common adverse effects
- blood cell deficiencies - gastrointestinal distress - hyperkalemia
232
Amiloride common drug interactions
- administration with ACE inhibitors or potassium supplements may cause hyperkalemia - administration with NSAIDs may cause renal failure
233
Spironolactone common adverse effects
gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, and impotence
234
Spironolactone common drug interactions
administration with ACE inhibitors or potassium supplements may cause hyperkalemia
235
Triamterene common adverse effects
- blood cell deficiencies - gastrointestinal distress - hyperkalemia
236
Triamterene common drug interactions
- administration with ACE inhibitors or potassium supplements may cause hyperkalemia - administration with NSAIDs may cause renal failure
237
Glycerol common adverse effects
- heart failure - nausea and vomiting - pulmonary congestion and edema
238
Glycerol common drug interanctions
potentiates effects of other diuretics
239
Mannitol common adverse effects
- heart failure - nausea and vomiting - pulmonary congestion and edema
240
Mannitol common drug interactions
potentiates effects of other diuretics
241
Acetazolamide common adverse effects
- blood cell deficiencies - drowsiness - hepatic insufficiency - hyperglycemia - hypokalemia - metabolic acidosis - paresthesia - uremia
242
Acetazolamide common drug interactions
- serum levels of weak bases are increased by CA inhibitors | - CA inhibitors are increased by salicylates
243
Dorzolamide common adverse effects
- bitter taste - blurred vision - ocular discomfort - allergic reactions
244
Sodium channel blockers meds
disopyramide lidocaine propafenone
245
Beta Adrenoceptor Blockers med
metoprolol
246
Potassium channel blockers meds
``` amiodarone dronedarone ibutilide dofetilide sotalol ```
247
Calcium channel blockers med
diltiazem
248
Miscellaneous cardiac dysrhythmias meds
``` adenosine digoxin magnesium sulfate ivabradine ranolazine ```
249
Disopyramide oral bioavailability
90%
250
Disopyramide onset of action
1 hour
251
Disopyramide duration of action
6 hours
252
Disopyramide elimination half life
7 hours
253
Disopyramide excreted unchanged in urine
50%
254
Procainamide oral bioavailability
85%
255
Procainamide onset of action
1 hour
256
Procainamide duration of action
5 hours
257
Procainamide elimination half life
3.5 hours
258
Procainamide excretion unchanged in urine
55%
259
Quinidine oral bioavailability
75%
260
Quinidine onset of action
1 hour
261
Quinidine duration of action
7 hours
262
Quinidine elimination half life
6 hours
263
Quinidine excreted unchanged in urine
30%
264
Lidocaine elimination half life
1.5 hours
265
Lidocaine excreted unchanged in urine
1%
266
Mexiletine oral bioavailability
90%
267
Mexiletine onset of action
1 hour
268
Mexiletine duration of action
10 hours
269
Mexiletine elimination half life
11 hours
270
Mexiletine excreted unchanged in urine
10%
271
Flecainide oral bioavailability
75%
272
Flecainide onset of action
3 hours
273
Flecainide duration of action
21 hours
274
Flecainide elimination half life
14 hours
275
Flecainide excreted unchanged in urine
30%
276
Propafenone oral bioavailability
10%
277
Propafenone onset of action
3 hours
278
Propafenone duration of action
10 hours
279
Propafenone elimination half life
6 hours
280
Propafenone excreted unchanged in urine
<1%
281
Esmolol onset of action
<5 minutes
282
Esmolol duration of action
20-30 minutes
283
Esmolol elimination half life
0.15 hours
284
Esmolol excreted unchanged in urine
<2%
285
Metoprolol oral bioavailability
35%
286
Metoprolol onset of action
1 hour
287
Metoprolol duration of action
15 hours
288
Metoprolol elimination half life
3.5 hours
289
Metoprolol excreted unchanged in urine
7%
290
Propranolol oral bioavailability
35%
291
Propranolol onset of action
0.5 hour
292
Propranolol duration of action
4 hours
293
Propranolol elimination half life
4 hours
294
Propranolol excreted unchanged in urine
<0.5%
295
Amiodarone oral bioavailability
45%
296
Amiodarone onset of action
2 weeks
297
Amiodarone duration of action
4 weeks
298
Amiodarone elimination half life
40 days
299
Amiodarone excreted unchanged in urine
0%
300
Dofetilide oral bioavailability
90%
301
Dofetilide onset of action
1 hour
302
Dofetilide duration of action
12 hours
303
Dofetilide elimination half life
10 hours
304
Dofetilide excreted unchanged in urine
80%
305
Ibutilide onset of action
5 minutes
306
Ibutilide elimination half life
6 hours
307
Ibutilide excreted unchanged in urine
<10%
308
Sotalol oral bioavailability
90%
309
Sotalol onset on action
2 hours
310
Sotalol duration of action
15 hours
311
Sotalol elimination half life
12 hours
312
Sotalol excreted unchanged un urine
90%
313
Diltiazem oral availability
55%
314
Diltiazem onset of action
2 hours
315
Diltiazem duration of action
8 hours
316
Diltiazem elimination half life
5 hours
317
Diltiazem excreted unchanged in urine
3%
318
Verapamil oral bioavailability
25%
319
Verapamil onset of action
2 hours
320
Verapamil duration of action
9 hours
321
Verapamil elimination half life
5 hours
322
Verapamil excreted unchanged in urine
3%
323
Adenosine onset of action
30 seconds
324
Adenosine duration of action
1.5 minutes
325
Adenosine elimination half life
<10 seconds
326
Adenosine excreted unchanged in urine
0%
327
Digoxin oral bioavailability
75%
328
Digoxin onset of action
1 hour
329
Digoxin duration of action
24 hours
330
Digoxin elimination half life
35 hours
331
Digoxin excreted unchanged in urine
60%
332
Magnesium onset of action
<5 minutes
333
Magnesium sulfate excreted unchanged in urine
100%

PCOL 406 (1 decks)

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