PCOL of Sunscreens (Maize)

Question 1

Types of Ultraviolet Light (3)

Answer 1

UVB
UVA
UVC (antibacterial)

Question 2

UVB:

• ___ to ___ nm
• Can cause _____, skin ________ and premature _____ of skin
• Produces vitamin __ in the skin

Answer 2

• 290 to 320
• sunburn, carcinoma, and aging
• D3

Question 3

UVA:

• ___ to ___ nm
• Produces ______ and drug related ___________
• Able to ________ further into the dermis than ___ radiation
• No _____ because it is ___ to ____ times less energetic than UVB radiation

Answer 3

• 320 to 400
• tanning; photosensitivity
• penetrate, UVB
• erythema, 800 to 1000

Question 4

Factors that affect tanning (7)

Answer 4

• time
• cloud
• reflection (snow, water, sand)
• location
• clothing
• the thickness of the epidermis and stratum corneum
• the pigmentation of the skin

Question 5

Skin Type:

• Always burns easily, never tans
• Eyes are blue or green and hair is blond or red.

Answer 5

Skin Type I

Question 6

Skin Type:

• Always burns easily, tans minimally
• Eyes are blue, hazel or brown, and hair is blond, red or brown.

Answer 6

Skin Type II

Question 7

Skin Type:

- Sometimes burns and tans gradually

Answer 7

Skin Type III

Question 8

Skin Type:

- Burns minimally, always tans well

Answer 8

Skin Type IV

Question 9

Skin Type:

- Rarely burns, tans profusely -Brown skin

Answer 9

Skin Type V

Question 10

Skin Type:

- Never burns, deeply pigmented -Black skin

Answer 10

Skin Type VI

Question 11

UVA Tanning Mechanisms (2)

Answer 11

• Immediate pigmentation

- Delayed pigmentation

Question 12

Immediate Pigmentation:

• Oxidizes the ______ already in the epidermis
• _____ darkening starts 5-10 minutes after exposure
• Lasts __-__ hrs

Answer 12

• melanin
• Pigment
• 24-48

Question 13

Delayed Pigmentation:

• UVA stimulates the increase in the number of __________ and increased _______ in these cells
• Takes about __ to __ hours to develop after exposure
• Peaks at _ to __ days and lasts weeks to months

Answer 13

• melanocytes, pigment
• 48 to 72
• 7 to 10

Question 14

UVB Tanning Mechanism:

• Stimulate epithelial cell _____ making skin ______
• Growth of the skin spreads _______ through more layers of the skin
• Protects the skin by ________ and __________ additional UV radiation
• ___ hyperpigmentation does not protect skin long term as much as ___ hyperpigmentation

Answer 14

• growth; thicker (causing wrinkles)
• Growth of the skin spreads melanin through more layers of the skin
• absorbing and scattering
• UVA; UVB

Question 15

Sun Burn
- ___ penetrates into the dermis and causes an _______ reaction causing ________, ________, and __________ to be released.

Answer 15

• UVB; inflammatory; histamine, cytokines, and prostaglandins

Question 16

Sun Burn Symptoms are (3)

Answer 16

mild erythema, tenderness, and edema

Question 17

Severe Sun Burn Symptoms

Answer 17

• Second degree burn with blisters

- Fever, chills, weakness and shock (sun poisoning)

Question 18

• The minimum single dose of UV radiation dose that produces clearly marginated erythema in the irradiated site.
• can be dependent on skin color, current medications, etc

Answer 18

Minimal Erythemal Dose (MED)

Question 19

MED Type and characteristics

• MED 1:
• MED 2:
• MED 4:
• MED 8:

Answer 19

• 1 MED: pink
• 2 MED: bright erythema
• 4 MED: painful sunburn
• 8 MED: blistering burn

Question 20

Definition of SPF:

Answer 20

• Sun Protection Factor
• MED of protected skin/MED of unprotected skin
• Personal time to get 1 MED

Question 21

The higher the SPF:

• ____ likely to burn
• ______ time that can be spent in the sun

Answer 21

• Less

- Longer

Question 22

• SPF __ blocks approximately __% of all incoming UVB rays.
• SPF __ blocks __%
• SPF __ blocks __%

Answer 22

• 15; 93%
• 30; 97%
• 50; 98%

Question 23

SPF figure

Answer 23

Burning begins the minute you step into the sun
SPF: delays the burning process
Ex: pt who turns pink in 10mins uses a SPF of 4; now, it will take 40 before he turns pink
SPF over 30 is a waste

Question 24

Proper SPF Selection:

• Start ____ and go ___; adding higher SPF after _ ___ will not help much
• Must apply correct amount at correct time
• Must re-apply every __-___ minutes

Answer 24

• high; low; 1 MED

- 90-120

Question 25

SPF Selection per Skin Type: - SPF>__ for Skin type I, II, increased risk of skin cancer - SPF>__ for Lupus - SPF>__ for photosensitizing drugs - SPF __ to __ for Skin type III to V - ____ ________ SPF needed for Skin type VI

Answer 25

- >30 - >40 - >45 - 15 to 24 - Very minimal

Question 26

Drugs that cause photosensitization (6):

Answer 26

``` Tetracycline Coal tar products Diuretics Estrogens and progestins NSAIDS Sulfonylureas ```

Question 27

Ability to stay on the skin and remain effective

Answer 27

Substantivity

Question 28

Substantivity can be related to 2 things:

Answer 28

vehicle | chemical

Question 29

Substantivity: - ______ have the worst substantivity - _____ based vehicles have better substanitivity than alcohol based vehicles - ____________ bases have good substantivity because they are not easily ________ ___ - ____ have the best substantivity, but are an ________ dosage forms

Answer 29

- Alcohols - Cream - Polyacrylamide; washed off - Oils; unpleasing

Question 30

``` Substantivity Selection: Choose a product that has the best substantivity. - Very water-resistant products: __ mins - Water-resistant products: __ mins - Sweat-resistant: __ mins ```

Answer 30

- 80 - 40 - 30

Question 31

Sunblocks (aka _________ ________) MOA: - _______ or ________ 100% of all UV radiation from 290 to 760 nm Uses: - Prominently ________ _____ like nose and ears - Used when cannot _____ or _____ sun exposure

Answer 31

physical sunscreens MOA: - Reflects or scatters Uses: - exposed areas - limit or control

Question 32

Sunblocks and sunscreens are practically the same. (True/False)

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Sunblock products

Answer 33

Zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and red petrolatum

Question 34

Sunblock Side effects: - May occlude pores causing _____, ______, ____ - May stain clothing Not easily removed with ____, but melts in hot sun Protection decreases after _ ____ of direct sun contact

Answer 34

- miliaria, folliculitis, acne water, but melts in hot sun 2 hours

Question 35

Sunscreens (aka _________ sunscreens) MOA: - _____ UVB radiation - ___ classes of sunscreens can absorb some UVB radiation - All sunscreens are a _________ of products - But only ________, _________, and ____________ can absorb UVA

Answer 35

``` chemica MOA: - Absorbs - All - combination - benzophenones, anthranilates and dibenzoylmethane ```

Question 36

Chemical classes of Sunscreens (6)

Answer 36

1. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) 2. Cinnamates 3. Salicylates 4. Benzophenones 5. Anthranilates 6. Dibenzoylmethane

Question 37

Sunscreen chemical class - UVB - The most effective at absorbing UVB rays - May stain clothing

Answer 37

PABA

Question 38

Sunscreen chemical class - UVB | - Do not adhere to skin well and depend on the vehicle for substantivity

Answer 38

Cinnamates

Question 39

Sunscreen chemical class - UVB - Does not adhere to the skin well - Easy removed by water or perspiration

Answer 39

Salicylates

Question 40

Sunscreen chemical class - UVA - Poor substantivity - Can cause sensitization

Answer 40

Benzophenones

Question 41

Sunscreen chemical class - UVA - Absorbs UVA radiation up to 370 nm - Used only in combination products to give broad UV coverage

Answer 41

Anthranilates

Question 42

Sunscreen chemical class - UVA - Absorb mostly in the UVA range - Activity decreases after 15 minutes of use

Answer 42

Dibenzoylmethane

Question 43

Sunscreens ______ UVB radiation, sunblocks ______/________ UV radiation.

Answer 43

absorb, reflect/scatter