PCP Medication Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
What are the classifications of Nitroglycerin?
A
Vasodilator
Anti-anginal
2
Q
What are the mechanisms of action for Nitroglycerin?
A
Vascular smooth muscle relaxation
3
Q
What are the indications for Nitroglycerin?
A
Angina Chest Pain HTN CHF Acute Pulmonary Edema
4
Q
What are the contraindications for Nitroglycern?
A
Hypotension Hypovolemia Phosphodiesterase inhibitor use Intracranial bleed Head injuries
5
Q
Nitroglycerin is supplied at?
A
0.4 mg spray (typically)
6
Q
Nitroglycerin has a onset of?
A
1-3 min (SL)
15-30 min (topical)
30 min (transdermal)
7
Q
Nitroglycerin has a duration of?
A
25 min (SL) 7 hours (topical) 10-12 hours (transdermal)
8
Q
Nitroglycerin has a half-life of?
A
1-4 min
9
Q
What can be some adverse effects of Nitroglycerin?
A
Hypotension
Headache
Flush skin
Tachycardia
10
Q
What does ASA stand for?
A
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)
11
Q
What are the classification of ASA?
A
Platelet aggregation inhibitor
Analgesic
Antipyretic
Anti-inflammatory (NSAID)
12
Q
What are the mechanisms of action for ASA?
A
Inhibits Thromboxane A2 synthesis by irreversibly inhibiting COX-1
13
Q
What are the indications for ASA?
A
ACS Pain Inflammation Fever Migraine
14
Q
What are the contraindications for ASA?
A
Bleeding
Allergy (NSAID + other)
Asthma* (ASA could cause a asthma attack)
Other NSAID use (NSAID can antagonize platelet aggregation effect of ASA)
15
Q
ASA is supplied at?
A
80 or 81 mg (tablets)
16
Q
ASA has a onset of?
A
15-30 min
17
Q
ASA has a duration of?
A
4-6 hours
Peak is variable: 1-2 hours
18
Q
ASA has a half-life of?
A
15-20 min
19
Q
What can be some adverse effects of ASA?
A
Bleeding
Stomach irritation
Bronchoconstriction (in some asthmatics)
Possible stroke
20
Q
What are the classifications for Glucagon?
A
Hyperglycemic agent
Glucose elevating agent
Insulin antagonist
Pancreatic hormone
21
Q
What are the mechanisms of action for Glucagon?
A
Glycogenolysis in the liver (convert glycogen storages to glucose)
22
Q
What are the indications for Glucagon?
A
Hypoglycemia Esophagel obstruction (can relax esophagus and esophagel sphincter) Beta blocker overdose (in large doses glucagon can be a positive inotrope and chonotrope)
23
Q
What are the contraindications for Glucagon?
A
Allergy
Pheochromocytoma (rare adrenal tumor that can release catacholamines leading to marked BP increases)
SN: won’t work as well on Alcoholics because they have few glycogen stores
24
Q
Glucagon is supplied at?
A
1 mg/ml
25
Glucagon has an onset of?
≤ 1 min
26
Glucagon has a duration of?
60-90 min
27
Glucagon has a half-life of?
8-18 min
28
What are some of the adverse effects of Glucagon?
Tachycardia
Hypotension
N/V (rare)
29
What is the classification for Oral Glucose?
Hyperglycemic
30
What are the mechanisms of action for Oral Glucose?
Simple sugar absorption increases blood sugar levels
31
What is the indication for Oral Glucose?
Hypoglycemia (must be conscious!)
32
What are the contraindications for Oral Glucose?
```
N/V
Altered LOC (unable to protect airway)
```
33
What are the classifications for Salbutamol?
Sympathomimetic
| Beta 2 Agonist `
34
What are the mechanisms of action for Salbutamol?
Stimulate beta 2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle
| Little affect on beta 1 (heart rate increase)
35
What are the indications for Salbutamol?
Bronchoconstriction (Asthma, COPD)
| Hyperkalemia (Will stimulate Na+/K+ pumps, intracellular uptake of K+)
36
Salbutamol is supplied at?
```
2.5 mg / 2.5 ml
100 mcg (MDI)
```
37
Salbutamol has a onset of?
10 min
38
Salbutamol has a duration of?
3-4 hours
39
Salbutamol has a half-life of?
3-8 hours (neb/inhalation)
40
What can be some of the adverse effects of Salbutamol?
```
*Tremors*
Nervousness
Headache
Tachycardia
Palpitations
```
41
What is the brand name for Dimenhydrinate?
Gravol
42
What are the classifications for Dimenhydrinate?
H1 Anti-histamine
| Anti-emetic
43
What are the mechanisms of action for Dimenhydrinate?
Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites
Blocks chemoreceptor trigger zone
Diminishes vestibular stimulation
Blocks H1 receptors in vestibular system
44
What are the indications for Dimenhydrinate?
N/V
| Motion sickness
45
What are the contraindications for Dimenhydrinate?
Other anti-cholinergic i.e. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) including OD
Tricyclic Anti-depressant OD
46
Dimenhydrinate has a onset of?
1-5 min (IV)
15-30 min (oral)
Peaks 1-2 hours
47
Dimenhydrinate has a duration of?
3-6 hours
48
What is the brand name for Diphenhydramine?
Benadryl
49
What is the classification of Diphenhydramine?
Anti-histamine
50
What are the mechanisms of action for Diphenhydramine?
Similar to gravol
| Blocks histamine for H1-receptor sites in GI tract, blood vessels, respiratory tract
51
What are the indications for Diphenhydramine?
Allergic reaction
52
What are the contraindications for Diphenhydramine?
Similar to gravol
Other anti-cholinergic i.e. Diphenhydrate (Gravol) including OD
Tricyclic Anti-depressant OD
53
Diphenhydramine has a onset of?
1-5 min (IV)
Peak 1-2 hours (IV)
1-3 hours (oral)
Peak 2-4 hours (oral)
54
Diphenhydramine has a duration of?
2-10 hours
55
Diphenhydramie has a half-life of?
4-8 hours
56
What are the classifications for Epinephrine?
Sympathomimetic
| Direct-Acting Adrenergic Agonist
57
What are the mechanisms of action for Epinephrine?
Cardiovascular - positive inotrope & chronotrope, all beta 1
Kidneys - beta 1 stimulates release of renin, angiotensin 1 -> angiotension 2, potent vasoconstrictor
Respiratory - bronchodilation, beta 2
Histamine - prevent further release of histamine
Hyperglycemia - increase gycogenolysis (liver) beta 2
-> Increased release of glucagon (alpha cells in pancreas) beta 2
->Decreased release of insulin (beta cells in pancreas) alpha 2
58
What are the indications for Epinephrine?
Bronchoconstriction (asthma (severe), anaphylaxis)
Croup (precapillary arterial constriction, decreased hydrostatic pressure, fluid reabsorption from interstitium, decrease laryngeal mucoasal edema
59
What are the contraindications for Epinephrine?
HTN
Pulmonary Edema
MI
Hypovolemic shock
60
Epinephrine has a onset of?
immediately
61
Epinephrine has a duration of?
5-10 min
62
What are some of the adverse effects of Epinephrine?
```
Tachycardia
HTN
Arrhythmia
Pulmonary edema
CP
```
63
What is the brand name for Acetaminophen?
Tylenol
64
What are the classifications of Acetaminophen?
Analgesic
Antipyretic
Mild anti-inflammatory
65
What are the mechanisms of action for Acetaminophen?
Largely unknown
Possibilities:
Pain - Block COX which is the catalyst that ultimately leads to prostaglandin production
Inflammation - Believed to inhibit primarily COX-2 which leads to the inhibition of prostaglandin production which plays a role in inflammation
66
What is the indication for Acetaminophen?
* Pain management*
| * Not interested in anti-inflammatory effects
67
What are the contraindications for Acetaminophen?
Allergy
Liver Disease
Active vomiting
Acetaminophen within past 4 hours
68
What can be come adverse effects of Acetaminophen?
Hepatic necrosis
69
Acetaminophen has a onset of?
1 hour
| Peak 1-3 hours
70
Acetaminophen has a duration of?
3-4 hours
71
What is the brand name of ketorolac?
Toradol
72
What are the classifications for ketorolac?
NSAID
| analgesic
73
What are the mechanisms of action for ketorolac?
Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
74
What are the indications for ketorolac
*Inflammation*
Pain management
*Best for renal colic*
75
What are the contraindications for ketorolac?
```
NSAID or Ibuprofen use 6 hours ago
Allergy to ASA or NSAID
Anti-coagulation therapy
Peptic ulcer
GI bleeding
Asthma
CVA/TBI
Renal impairments
```
76
What are some of the adverse effects of ketorolac?
Bleeding ( 5X greater risk than ibuprofen)
Nausea
Hyper/hypotension
77
Ketorolac has a onset of?
10 min
| Peak 1-2 hours
78
Ketorolac has a duration of?
2-6 hours
79
What is the classification for Ibuprofen?
NSAID
80
What is the mechanism of action for Ibuprofen?
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
81
What are the indications for Ibuprofen?
Inflammation
| Pain management
82
What are the contraindications for Ibuprofen?
```
NSAID or ketorolac use 6 hours ago
Allergy to ASA or NSAID
Anti-coagulation therapy
Peptic ulcer
GI bleeding
Asthma
CVA/TBI
Renal impairments
```
83
What are some of the adverse effects of Ibuprofen?
Bleeding
Nausea
Hyper/hypotension
84
What is the brand name for Naloxone?
Narcan
85
What is the classification of Naloxone?
Opioid antagonist
86
What are the mechanisms of action for Naloxone?
Competes for and displaces opioids from their receptor
87
What is the indication for Naloxone?
Opioid overdose
88
What is the contraindication for Naloxone?
cautious use with opioid addiction
89
What can be some adverse effects with Naloxone?
```
Withdrawal symptoms
Tachycardia
HTN
Arrhythmias
N/V
Diaphoresis
Pulmonary Edema
```
90
Naloxone has a onset of?
2 min (IV)
2-5 min (IM)
8-10 min (IN)
91
Naloxone has a duration of?
30-120 min
92
Naloxone has a half-life of?
3-4 hours (neonates)
| 0.5-1.5 hours (adults)
93
Dextrose is also known as?
D50W
94
What are the mechanisms of action for Dextrose
Replaces sugar and carbohydrates
95
What is the indication for Dextrose?
Hypoglycemia
96
What are the contraindications for Dextrose?
Increased intracranial pressure
| Dehydration
97
What are some of the adverse effects of Dextrose?
Dehydration
Necrosis @ entry site
Hyperglycemia
Hyperosmolarity
