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PCP Pharm Drugs Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Classifications of acetylsalicylic acid

A

Antiplatelet, analgesic, anti inflammatory, antipyretic

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2
Q

Actions of ASA

A

Blocks formation of thromboxane A2, which aggregates platelets and restricts arteries
Produces analgesia, anti inflammatory, antipyretic, by inhibiting production of prostaglandins

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3
Q

Indications of ASA

A

Acute coronary syndrome

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4
Q

Contraindications of ASA (7)

A 
Hypersensitivity 
Asthma 
Ulcers 
Bleeding disorders 
Pregnancy 
Children under 15
Unconscious
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5
Q

ASA dosage

A

160 mg PO chewed

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6
Q

What may potentiate ASA?

A

Anticoagulant therapy

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7
Q

Patients with What condition should be closely monitored when taking ASA

A

Diabetics

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8
Q

ASA isn’t recommended for kids and teens due to Reye’s syndrome. What is that?

A

Acute edema of brain, hypoglycemia, fatty infiltration, liver dysfunction.

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9
Q

If a patient has taken a daily dose or ASA or are on blood thinners, should ASA still be administered?

A

Yes, unless the patient has JUST taken it

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10
Q

What is dextrose classified as?

A

Caloric agent

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11
Q

Dextrose actions? (2)

A

Increases BGL to normal

Osmotic diuretic

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12
Q

Dextrose indications

A

Severe hypoglycemia
Head injury with symptomatic hypoglycemia
Stroke with hypoglycemia

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13
Q

Contraindications of dextrose

4

A

Allergy to corn
Hypersensitivity to dextrose
Intracranial hemorrhage
Hyperglycemia

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14
Q

Dose of dextrose for regular adults

A

25g D50W SIVP q 5 min prn, titrate to BGL > 4.0 mmol/L or patient improvement

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15
Q

Dose of dextrose in head injury

A

12.5g D50W SIVP repeat if BGL is <4mmol/L or improvement

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16
Q

Dose of dextrose in stroke

A

12.5g D50W SIVP repeat if BGL <3mmol/L

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17
Q

How do you avoid tissue necrosis when administering dextrose?

A

Give 1/2 total vol, check IV patentcy

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18
Q

Wernickes Encephalopathy

A

Reversible lack of vitamin B. Poor voluntary muscle coordination, eye muscle weakness and confusion

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19
Q

korsakoff’s syndrome

A

Irreversible version or wernickes

Severe memory loss

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20
Q

Increased intracellular glucose levels in cerebral ischemia and hypoxia result in

A

Intracellular acidosis due to anaerobic metabolism of glucose, neural death

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21
Q

When administering dextrose, closely monitor

A

BGL, LOC, vitals

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22
Q

Side effects or dextrose

A

Pulmonary edema, phlebitis, tissue nercrosis, rebound hyper glycemia

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23
Q

Classification of EPI

A

Sympathomimetic endogenous catecholamine

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24
Q

Actions of EPI (3)

A

Alpha 1 agonist -peripheral vasoconstriction,
Beta 1 agonist -positive chronotropic, inotropic and dromotropic, increases automaticity in heart
Beta 2 agonist- bronchodilation

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25
Effect of epi on anaphylaxis
Inhibits histamine release
26
Contraindications of epi (4)
None in emergent situations Hypersensitivity Uncorrected tachdysrhythmias Shock
27
Dosage of epi
0.3 mg 1:1000 IM q 5min prn max 0.9 mg
28
What should be closely monitored when giving epi?
HR, BP, ECH
29
Where should epi be administered?
Anterolateral aspect of the thigh
30
What position should a patient be in before administering epi?
Recumbent
31
Glucagon classification
Hormone
32
Glucagon action
Breakdown glycogen in liver into glucose to increase BGL
33
Indications of glucagon
Hypoglycemia, IV can’t be established
34
Contraindications of glucagon
Hypersensitivity to beef/pork | Pheochromocytoma
35
Dosage of glucagon
1mg IM q 15 min prn, max 2mg
36
Use of glucagon on patients with pheochromocytoma can cause tumour to
Release catecholamines resulting in hypertension
37
Glucagon Or D50W
D50W
38
Glucagon is only effective if
There are sufficient stores of glycogen in liver
39
Adverse effects or glucagon
Dizzy headache tachycardia hypertensive, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia
40
Class of ipratropium bromide
Anticholinergic bronchodilator
41
Actions of ipratropium bromide | 3
Derivative of atropine Exerts anticholinergic actions, inhibiting bronchoconstriction Blocks mucus secretions
42
Indications of Atrovent
Bronchospasm | Anaphylaxis
43
Contraindications of atrovent
Hypersensitivity
44
Atrovent (ipratropium bromide) dose
500mcg q5 min via neb max 1500 | Or MDI 20mcg/puff, q30-60 sec prn max 15
45
Combivent
Salbutamol and Atrovent - relax bronchospasm
46
Isotonic solutions actions
Similar to plasma Increase fluids without electrolytes Less fluid shifting
47
Indications of isotonic solutions
TKVO | Fluid replacement
48
Naloxone classification
Narcotic antagonist
49
Narcan indications
Resp and neuro depression | Naloxone is metabolized faster than most narcotics
50
Naloxone contraindications
None significant, just be careful with patients taking stimulants
51
Naloxone dose
IV 0.4mgIV q 2min max 1.6mg IM 0.8 mg IM q 5 min prn, max 3.2mg IN 2mg 1mg per nare, q 3-5 min prn, max 4mg
52
Nitroglycerin classification
Antianginal, vasodilator
53
Nitroglycerin actions
Relaxes vascular smooth muscle in all vessels
54
Indication of nitroglycerin
Suspected acute coronary syndrome
55
Contraindications of nitroglycerin
Systolic BP less than 100mmHg Right ventricular infarction Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
56
Dosage of nitroglycerin
0.4 mg SL spray q 5 min prn or until systolic BP is less than 100mmHg Or 0.8 mg patch (upper left chest)
57
Nitroglycerin should not be used if the ecg states
STEMI, ACUTE MI, ST ELEVATION CRITERIA MET
58
Nitrous oxide classification
Gaseous analgesic
59
Nitrous oxide actions
Reverse CNS depression and analgesia | Affects hating properties in cell membranes
60
Nitrous oxide indications
Burns Fractures/dislocation Active pregnancy Kidney stones
61
Nitrous oxide contraindications
``` Can’t follow commands ALOC head injury Needs oxygen Thoracic trauma Abdominal pain and distension Abdominal trauma Pregnancy ```
62
Dosage for nitrous oxide
Demand valve mask
63
Oral glucose classification
Caloric agent
64
Oral glucose actions
Monosaccharide to increase BGL
65
Oral glucose indication
Hypoglycemia
66
Contraindications of oral glucose
Unconscious | Hyperglycaemic
67
Dosage for oral glucose
25 g PO q 5min prn, max 50g
68
Salbutamol class
Sympathomimetic bronchodilator
69
Salbutamol actions
Selective beta 2 stimulation Bronchodilation, some peripheral vasodilation Beta 2 selectively lost with high doses
70
Salbutamol indications
Asthma, COPD, anaphylaxis Or airway burn
71
Salbutamol contraindications
Hypersensitivity | Untreated tachydysrythmias
72
Salbutamol dose
5mg nebulized or MDI 100mcg/puff q30-60 seconds prn max 30 puffs

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