PD101

Question 1

allows on-demand access to computer services

Answer 1

Cloud computing

Question 2

are multi-core processors with numerous independent cores,

Answer 2

Manycore processors

Question 3

is a single integrated circuit with multiple cores

Answer 3

multi-core processor

Question 4

a gap between processor and memory speeds

Answer 4

Memory wall

Question 5

refers to the increasing challenge of achieving sufficient parallelism

Answer 5

ILP wall

Question 6

a trend of increasing power consumption and heat generation with operating frequency

Answer 6

Power wall

Question 7

enhancing speed and reliability in processes like cache management

Answer 7

Faster Communication Inside the Chip

Question 8

Multi-core chips are compact devices due to their smaller size on the circuit board

Answer 8

Takes Up Less Space

Question 9

Multi-core chips typically consume less power than single-core chips

Answer 9

Saves Power

Question 10

The efficiency of a chip can be enhanced by the sharing of resources

Answer 10

Shared Parts = More Efficient

Question 11

Manufacturers can minimize design errors by reusing existing core designs

Answer 11

Better Use of Proven Technology

Question 12

Multi-core CPUs are ideal for devices that rely on batteries

Answer 12

Good Performance with Less Energy

Question 13

to support multiple threads, as old software may not fully benefit from more cores

Answer 13

Software Needs to Be Updated

Question 14

Increasing the number of cores in chips can lead to increased manufacturing errors

Answer 14

Lower Chip Production Yield

Question 15

making thermal management more challenging than single-core CPUs

Answer 15

More Heat, Harder to Cool

Question 16

Multiple cores sharing the same memory or system bus can slow performance

Answer 16

Shared Resources Can Be a Bottleneck

Question 17

application doesn’t efficiently handle parallel processing or there’s excessive communication between cores

Answer 17

Not Always More Efficient

Question 18

Investing in multi-core designs may be risky as future tech may shift towards single-core designs

Answer 18

Risk of Obsolescence

Question 19

Dr. Jun Ni’s 2009 study reveals that adding more cores can improve performance

Answer 19

Performance Gains Aren’t Always as Expected

Question 20

Modern processors are continuing to evolve and improve

Answer 20

HARDWARE TRENDS

Question 21

The number of cores in a processor is increasing, with the potential for hundreds or thousands in the future

Answer 21

More CPU Cores

Question 22

New CPUs often use different types of cores in the same chip.

Answer 22

Heterogeneous (Mixed) Cores

Question 23

fast, powerful

Answer 23

“Big” core

Question 24

slower but energy-saving

Answer 24

“LITTLE” core

Question 25

Processors are being designed to be more energy-efficient.

Answer 25

Focus on Energy Efficiency

Question 26

doing more work with less energy

Answer 26

Performance-per-watt

Question 27

adjusting power based on workload

Answer 27

Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS)

Question 28

Chips are now designed to support multiple cores

Answer 28

Manycore Designs

Question 29

varies in design and arrangement, with homogeneous systems using identical cores,

Answer 29

architecture

Question 30

Older applications like anti-virus software use one core for heavy tasks

Answer 30

Challenges with Multi-core Usage

Question 31

Multi-threaded code can be complex and prone to bugs due to the management of shared data between threads.

Answer 31

Difficulty in Writing Multi-threaded Code

Question 32

developers often don't write multi-threaded code due to difficulties

Answer 32

Lack of Motivation for Multi-threading

Question 33

A task is broken down into smaller, independent sub-tasks

Answer 33

Parallel computing

Question 34

involves multiple calculations or processes being executed simultaneously

Answer 34

Parallel computing

Question 35

In the final stage of parallel algorithm design, developers specify task execution locations

Answer 35

Mapping

Question 36

developers refine their design by combining tasks into larger ones

Answer 36

Agglomeration

Question 37

transferring data between them to ensure they work together

Answer 37

Communication

Question 38

also known as fine-grained decomposition, aims to break down a problem

Answer 38

Partitioning

Question 39

help by enabling developers to program with higher-level abstractions.

Answer 39

Balancing Workload Across Cores

Question 40

may not support multi-core processing, leading to the use of older numerical libraries

Answer 40

Challenges with Modern Languages

Question 41

allowing multiple tasks to be executed simultaneously.

Answer 41

Benefits of Parallel Programming

Question 42

has been pioneering the use of multi-core processors

Answer 42

Telecommunications Need for Multi-core

Question 43

The challenge lies in software's ability to fully utilize multi-core processors

Answer 43

The Future of Performance

Question 44

Distributed computing involves multiple processes running simultaneously

Answer 44

Concurrent computing

Question 45

tasks are executed simultaneously but don't need to communicate or synchronize.

Answer 45

Parallelism without concurrency

Question 46

tasks take turns running rather than running at the same time

Answer 46

Concurrency without parallelism

Question 47

These have multiple processing units within a single machine.

Answer 47

Multi-core and multi-processor computers

Question 48

multiple computers working together on the same task.

Answer 48

Clusters, MPPS, and grids

Question 49

Sometimes used alongside traditional processors

Answer 49

Specialized parallel architectures

Question 50

is the interdisciplinary study of the use of models

Answer 50

SYSTEM MODELING

Question 51

a common type of systems modeling specific techniques:

Answer 51

Function modeling

Question 52

another type of systems modeling is which uses the systems architecture

Answer 52

Architectural modeling

Question 53

a graphical representation for specifying business processes

Answer 53

The Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)

Question 54

Need to check the current computer system

Answer 54

Technical

Question 55

Can we create operations

Answer 55

Operation feasibility

Question 56

Can we handle this project

Answer 56

Legal

Question 57

Can we complete the project

Answer 57

Economic

Question 58

is a crucial step in the SDLC process after the requirement analysis phase.

Answer 58

Phase 2: Feasibility study

Question 59

This stage includes planning quality assurance requirements and recognizing risks, providing a clear project scope and timeline.

Answer 59

Phase 1: Requirement collection and analysis

Question 60

is a systematic process for building software, aiming to produce high-quality

Answer 60

SDLC

Question 61

(systems modeling) was considered to be one of the three basic methodological approaches for

Answer 61

"Methodology for Creating Business Knowledge" (1997) Arbnor and Bjerke

Question 62

Decide that the project can be completed

Answer 62

Schedule

Question 63

The third phase involves preparing system and software design documents

Answer 63

Phase 3: Design

Question 64

Brief description and name of each module

Answer 64

High-Level Design (HLD)

Question 65

Functional logic of the modules

Answer 65

Low-Level Design(LLD)

Question 66

is the longest phase of the Software Development Life Cycle, involving developers writing code

Answer 66

Phase 4: Coding

Question 67

to ensure it meets customer requirements, ensuring the software is bug-free and stable.

Answer 67

Phase 5: Testing

Question 68

the final deployment process begins, with the project manager providing feedback

Answer 68

Phase 6: Installation/Deployment

Question 69

customers start using the developed system

Answer 69

Phase 7: Maintenance

Question 70

bugs are reported

Answer 70

Bug fixing

Question 71

Upgrading the application to the newer versions

Answer 71

Upgrade

Question 72

Adding some new features

Answer 72

Enhancement