PE

Question 1

What are common symptoms of ILD?

Answer 1

Progressive dyspnea, dry cough, crackles on exam, and clubbing in chronic cases.

Question 2

What are common causes of ILD?

Answer 2

1. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
2. Connective tissue disease (RA, scleroderma)
3. Drug-induced (Amiodarone, Methotrexate)
4. Occupational (Asbestos, Silica) & Sarcoidosis

Question 3

What is the typical spirometry pattern in ILD?

Answer 3

Restrictive pattern: ↓ TLC, ↓ FVC, normal or increased FEV1/FVC, and ↓ DLCO.

Question 4

What is the treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

What about advanced cases?

Answer 4

Antifibrotic agents like Pirfenidone or Nintedanib

Referral for lung transplant in advanced cases

Question 5

What are types of pneumothorax?

Answer 5

Spontaneous (primary or secondary), traumatic, and iatrogenic (e.g., central line, barotrauma).

Question 6

How do you treat a Tension Pneumothorax?

Answer 6

Immediate Needle Decompression (2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line) followed by Chest Tube Placement.

Question 7

What is Pneumomediastinum and how does it differ from Pneumothorax?

Answer 7

Air in the Mediastinum instead of Pleural Space

Causes
1. Trauma
2. Barotrauma
3. Esophageal rupture

Question 8

What are risk factors for Multidrug-Resistant pneumonia (e.g., Pseudomonas, MRSA)?

Answer 8

1. Recent Hospitalization 🏥
2. Prior antibiotic use 💊
3. Structural Lung Disease 🫁
4. Immunosuppression 🤕👨🏿‍🦳

Question 9

Outpatient Treatment for CAP?

Wha if atypical coverage is needed?

Answer 9

1. Amoxicillin or Doxycycline;
2. Consider Azithromycin if Atypical coverage is needed

Question 10

What is the Initial diagnostic test in Low and High Probability PE?

Answer 10

Low risk → D-dimer

High risk or Unstable → CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA)

Question 11

When is Thrombolysis indicated for PE?

Answer 11

In massive PE causing Hypotension or Shock