PE- cardiovascular system and respiratory sytem

Question 1

Heart rate definition

Answer 1

the number of times your heart beats per minute

Question 2

Stroke Volume

Answer 2

the amount of blood ejected from your heart per beat

Question 3

Cardiac Output

Answer 3

the amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute

Question 4

Blood pressure

Answer 4

the force exerted by the circulatory blood against the blood vessel walls

Question 5

Cholesterol

Answer 5

Fatty substance carried in the blood by lipoproteins which come in 2 forms which are LDL and HDL

Question 6

What does the cardiovascular system consist of

Answer 6

-heart
-blood
-blood vessels

Question 7

What type of blood does the right side of the heart pump

Answer 7

deoxygenated blood

Question 8

What type of blood does the left side of the heart pump

Answer 8

oxygenated blood

Question 9

What does the blood go through when travelling away from the heart

Answer 9

arteries

Question 10

What does the blood go through when returning to the heart

Answer 10

veins

Question 11

What does the pulmonary circuit do

Answer 11

carries blood from the heart to and from the lungs

Question 12

What does the systemic circuit do

Answer 12

carries blood from the heart to and from the head and the rest of the body

Question 13

What are the components of blood

Answer 13

-Platelets
-Red blood cells
-White blood cells
-Plasma

Question 14

What do the platelets do

Answer 14

prevent and stop bleeding

Question 15

What do the red blood cells do

Answer 15

carry oxygen throughout the body

Question 16

What do the white blood cells do

Answer 16

fight infections throughout the body

Question 17

What do the plasma do

Answer 17

straw-like fluid that transports water, nutrients

Question 18

Systole definition

Answer 18

made by the lower chambers contracting and pushing blood at high pressure into the arteries

Question 19

Diastole definition

Answer 19

made by the upper chambers contracting

Question 20

Systolic pressure definition

Answer 20

the pressure in the arteries whilst the heart is contracting

Question 21

Diastolic pressure

Answer 21

the pressure in the arteries whilst the heart is relaxing

Question 22

How can blood pressure be affected

Answer 22

-unhealthy diet
-High alcohol consumption
-Smoking
-No exercise
-High stress levels

Question 23

What do high density lipoproteins contain

Answer 23

fat

Question 24

Is HDL good cholesterol

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

What does HDL do

Answer 25

it carries cholesterol away from the arteries to the liver, which removes it from the body

Question 26

What does LDL contain

Answer 26

fat

Question 27

What does LDL cause

Answer 27

it causes the build up of plaque in the arteries

Question 28

What effects does LDL have on the heart

Answer 28

heart has to work harder to pump blood around the body

Question 29

is LDL good

Answer 29

NO

Question 30

What is the Cardiac Output equation

Answer 30

Cardiac Output= Stroke Vol x Heart Rate

Question 31

What is the pathway of blood

Answer 31

-Left atrium -Left ventricle -To the body -Right atrium -Right ventricle -To the lungs

Question 32

Short term effect of cardio vascular systems

Answer 32

-Increase in stroke volume -Increase in heart rate - Increasing cardiac output

Question 33

Long term effects of the cardiovascular system

Answer 33

-Reducing blood pressure -Increase in resting stroke volume - Increase in cardiac output -Increase in more red blood cells -Reducing resting heart rate -Increase number of capillaries

Question 34

Describe inspiration

Answer 34

1. The intercostal muscles contract and pull the ribcage up and out 2. The diaphragm contracts causing it to flatten 3. The chest cavity gets larger causing pressure in the lungs to fall. 4. Air moves into the lungs from the higher outside pressure

Question 35

Describe expiration

Answer 35

1. The intercostal muscles relax so the ribcage returns back to normal 2.The diaphragm relaxes pushing it up 3. The chest cavity gets smaller so pressure in the lungs increase 4. Air flows out of the lungs to the lower outside pressure.

Question 36

What is gaseous exchange

Answer 36

refers to the exchange of gases, namely oxygen and carbon dioxide and relies on a process called diffusion

Question 37

Where does gaseous exchange take place

Answer 37

alveoli

Question 38

What is diffusion

Answer 38

Gases always move from a area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

Question 39

What is an alveoli

Answer 39

they are extremely tiny structures in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place

Question 40

What helps diffusion take place in the alveoli

Answer 40

their walls are very thin and moist to help oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through. The branches of the alveoli are surrounded by a dense network of capillaries

Question 41

Where is myoglobin found

Answer 41

found in muscle tissue

Question 42

Where is haemoglobin found

Answer 42

found in red blood cells

Question 43

Why is myoglobin better than haemoglobin for oxygen storage

Answer 43

myoglobin binds oxygen more tightly than haemoglobin. It is not good for oxygen transport and is instead good for oxygen storage

Question 44

What is pulmonary ventilation

Answer 44

the amount of air we breathe in and out per minute

Question 45

What is the pulmonary ventilation equation

Answer 45

VE= frequency x tidal volume

Question 46

What is tidal volume

Answer 46

volume of air breathed in and out during one breath

Question 47

What is the average breathing rate

Answer 47

12 breaths/min

Question 48

What is the average tidal volume

Answer 48

0.5 litres

Question 49

What are the short term effects of the respiratory system when doing exercise

Answer 49

-Increase ventilation -Increase oxygen uptake -Increase diffusion -Increase breathing rate -Tidal volume -minute ventilation

Question 50

What are the long term effects of the respiratory system when doing exercise

Answer 50

-size of the chest increases -amount that the chest can expand increases -Decrease in breathing rate at rest -capillary web around the alveoli is increased -The exchange of gas is improved -tidal volume increases