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Revison > Pe component 1 > Flashcards

Pe component 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is flexion

A

Decrease angle at a joint
bending and arm or leg

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2
Q

What is extension

A

Increase angle at a joint
the elbow when throwing a shot put

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3
Q

what is abduction

A

movement away from middle of body

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4
Q

what is adduction

A

movement toward middle of body
returning arms and legs back to their original position from a jumping jack movement

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5
Q

What is plantar flexion

A

pointing of toes

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6
Q

Dorsi flexion

A

pulling toes towards shins

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7
Q

What is rotation

A

movement around a point

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8
Q

what is circumduction

A

movement in a circle

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9
Q

Joints for movement

A

for example joints at the elbow allows the arm to bend and straighten creating movement allowing player to catch the ball

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10
Q

Blood production
plasma / platelets / red and white blood cells

A

for example if you have a cut during the game white blood cells will help fight off disease and the platelets will form a scab

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11
Q

Muscle attachment

A

for example muscles in legs contract to pull on a bone causing leg to move allowing them to kick

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12
Q

protection of vital organs

A

for example allows vital organs to be protected so if they are tackled rib cage will protect the heart and lungs

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13
Q

Mineral storage

A

both calcium and phosphorus keeps bones strong reducing the risk of bones breaking when a player is tackled hard

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14
Q

long term effect - - increased tidal volume

A

an increase in tidal volume and vital capacity allows more oxygen to be taken into lungs more co2 to be removed

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15
Q

long term effect - increased number of alveoli - respiratory

A

more alveoli means that more oxygen can be exchanged between alveoli and capillaries and co2 removed therefore an athlete can work aerobically for longer

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16
Q

long term effect - increased strength of diaphragm and intercostal muscles - respiratory

A

all adaptations to the respiratory system allow more oxygen can be breathed in and transported to working intercostal muscles

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17
Q

long term effect - increase size of muscles - muscular system

A

slow and fast twitch will get bigger

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18
Q

long term effect - increased muscular strength - muscular

A

increase in strength will allow us to produce more force in aerobic activity

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19
Q

long term effect- increased tolerance to lactic acid - muscular

A

an increase in tolerance to lactic acid allows to muscles to carry on exercising at a high intensity without getting tired

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20
Q

long term effect - increased bone density - skeletal

A

weight bearing activities lead to stronger bones less chance of injury and osteoporosis

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21
Q

long term effect - increased strength of tendons and ligaments - skeletal

A

stronger ligaments and tendons means that joints and more stable and less likely to have an injury of tendon

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22
Q

short terms of exercise - respiratory system

A

tidal volume - amount of air inhaled per breath
minute ventilation- amount of air inhaled and exhaled per minute
frequency - no. of breaths taken per minute
vital capacity - amount of exhaled air after a capacity inhalation = temperature and sweat rate increases

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23
Q

short terms of exercise - muscular system

A

lactic acid - as muscles temperature and lactate production increase this causes increased fatigue

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24
Q

short terms of exercise - cardio vascular system

A

-cardiac output - amount of blood pumped out per min
-number of beats per min will increase
-stroke volume increase
-cardiac output will also increase
-as there is a high volumes of blood pumping around blood pressure increase

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25
Q

equations for cardiac output

A

cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate
Q= SV x HR

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26
Q

what is plyometric training

A

a form of interval training using exercises against a resistance
improves muscular endurance

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27
Q

What is weight training

A

high intensity explosive exercises where the muscles is lengthened and then rapidly shortened
improves muscular strength

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28
Q

what is circuit training

A

performing a series of station with different exercises a form of interval training with rest between exercises perform each exercises set number of reps and sets.
improves cardiovascular

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29
Q

What is continuous training

A

taking part in physical activity such as running or swimming for an extended period of time without rest
improves cardio vascular

30
Q

What is fartlek training

A

training continuously with no rest but with variety of speed incline and terrain
improves cardio vascular

31
Q

what is interval training

A

consists of periods of intense work followed by periods of rest
improves speed

32
Q

component of fitness - skill related

A

agility - ability to change direction at speed under control
balance - ability to keep body steady both when static and moving
coordination - ability to move 2 or more parts together
power - ability to combine strength and speed
reaction time - amount of time taken to respond to a stimulus
speed - rate at which your body or part of body can perform a movement

33
Q

components of fitness - health related

A

cardio vascular - ability to work the entire body for a long time without tiring
muscular endurance - ability to work voluntary muscles repeatedly without tiring
muscular strength - amount of force a muscle can exert to overcome resistance
flexibility- range of movement possible at joint
body composition - the % of the body that is muscles and fat

34
Q

benefit to performance - doping

A

increase number of blood cells

35
Q

benefit to performance - pain killers

A

allows performer to complete on injury

36
Q

benefit to performance- stimulants

A

-improves concentration
- increases energy

37
Q

benefit to performance - beta blockers

A

-reduces heart rate
- steadier hand

38
Q

benefit to performance - anabolic steroids

A

-reduces recovery time between injury
- increases muscle mass

39
Q

benefit to performance- diuretic

A

increases weight loss by losing body fluid - urine

40
Q

benefit to performance- testosterone

A

-reduces recovery time from injury’s
- increases metabolism to burn fat
- increase muscle mass

41
Q

benefit to performance-EPO

A

increase number of red blood cells

42
Q

consequence on health - doping

A
  • kidneyfailure
  • risk of HIV
  • blood clot risk
43
Q

consequence on health - painkillers

A
  • addiction
  • lack of concentration
  • injury becomes worse
44
Q

consequence on health - stimulants

A
  • addiction
  • increase heart rate / blood pressure
  • aggression
45
Q

consequence on health - beta blockers

A

heart attacks

46
Q

consequence on health - anabolic steroids

A
  • risk of liver damage
  • increase blood pressure
    increase aggression / depression
47
Q

consequence on health- diuretic

A
  • risk of dehydration
  • heart failure
  • kidney failure
48
Q

consequence on health - testosterone

A
  • risk of joint pain and muscle pain
  • risk of swelling
49
Q

consequence on health - EPO

A
  • thicker blood
  • heart attack
50
Q

types of muscles - cardiac

A
  • found only in heart
  • automatically contract or relax
  • electrical pulse
51
Q

types of muscles - involuntary

A
  • not under your control
  • automatically contract or relax
  • found in organ and blood vessel walls
  • involved in redistribution of blood
52
Q

types of muscles - voluntary

A
  • under your control
  • you chose when to contract or relax
  • connect to skeleton
  • involved in movement of body
53
Q

bicep and triceps

A

this causes flexion/ extension at the elbow

54
Q

Quadriceps and hamstrings

A

this causes flexion and extension at the knee

55
Q

gluteals and hip flexors

A

this causes flexion and extension at the hip

56
Q

Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius

A

this causes plantar flexion at the ankle

57
Q

agonist and antagonist

A

agonist - muscles that shortens contracting muscle
antagonist - the muscles that lengthens muscle is relaxing

58
Q

vascular shunting

A

the redistribution of blood where blood is directed from inactive to active.

59
Q

vasodilation

A

is the widening of lumen within blood vessels supplying oxygenated blood to active areas

60
Q

vasoconstriction

A

is the narrowing of the lumen within blood vessels supplying oxygenated blood to inactive areas

61
Q

cardio vascular functions - transport

A

carry’s o2 / glucose around body
within body - body has energy it needs whilst removing waste

62
Q

cardio vascular functions - temperature control

A

blood vessels lumen vasodilates , blood is cooled when closer to skin
within body- body does not over heat causing confusion and headaches

63
Q

cardio vascular functions - clotting

A

platelets stick together creating scabs and
preventing infection and blood loss
within the body- prevents common injuries becoming life threatening

64
Q

plasma - 55%

A

water fluid that makes blood a liquid allowing to travel around body

65
Q

white blood cells

A

fights disease and infections keeps athletes healthy

66
Q

platelets -4%

A

heal wounds through scabs and blood clots prevent excessive blood loss and infection

67
Q

red blood cells -41%

A

contain haemoglobin which binds with O2 and carries it around the body for aerobic exercise

68
Q

health

A

state of complete physical mental and social well being

69
Q

what is fitness

A

The ability to meet the demands of the environment

70
Q

ligament

A

a fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

71
Q

tendon

A

tissue that attaches a muscle to other body parts, usually bones

72
Q

long term effect on exercise - cardio vascular system

A

staying fit increases the heart stroke volume

Revison (10 decks)

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