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Pe component 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is flexion

A

Decrease angle at a joint
bending and arm or leg

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2
Q

What is extension

A

Increase angle at a joint
the elbow when throwing a shot put

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3
Q

what is abduction

A

movement away from middle of body

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4
Q

what is adduction

A

movement toward middle of body
returning arms and legs back to their original position from a jumping jack movement

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5
Q

What is plantar flexion

A

pointing of toes

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6
Q

Dorsi flexion

A

pulling toes towards shins

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7
Q

What is rotation

A

movement around a point

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8
Q

what is circumduction

A

movement in a circle

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9
Q

Joints for movement

A

for example joints at the elbow allows the arm to bend and straighten creating movement allowing player to catch the ball

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10
Q

Blood production
plasma / platelets / red and white blood cells

A

for example if you have a cut during the game white blood cells will help fight off disease and the platelets will form a scab

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11
Q

Muscle attachment

A

for example muscles in legs contract to pull on a bone causing leg to move allowing them to kick

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12
Q

protection of vital organs

A

for example allows vital organs to be protected so if they are tackled rib cage will protect the heart and lungs

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13
Q

Mineral storage

A

both calcium and phosphorus keeps bones strong reducing the risk of bones breaking when a player is tackled hard

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14
Q

long term effect - - increased tidal volume

A

an increase in tidal volume and vital capacity allows more oxygen to be taken into lungs more co2 to be removed

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15
Q

long term effect - increased number of alveoli - respiratory

A

more alveoli means that more oxygen can be exchanged between alveoli and capillaries and co2 removed therefore an athlete can work aerobically for longer

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16
Q

long term effect - increased strength of diaphragm and intercostal muscles - respiratory

A

all adaptations to the respiratory system allow more oxygen can be breathed in and transported to working intercostal muscles

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17
Q

long term effect - increase size of muscles - muscular system

A

slow and fast twitch will get bigger

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18
Q

long term effect - increased muscular strength - muscular

A

increase in strength will allow us to produce more force in aerobic activity

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19
Q

long term effect- increased tolerance to lactic acid - muscular

A

an increase in tolerance to lactic acid allows to muscles to carry on exercising at a high intensity without getting tired

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20
Q

long term effect - increased bone density - skeletal

A

weight bearing activities lead to stronger bones less chance of injury and osteoporosis

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21
Q

long term effect - increased strength of tendons and ligaments - skeletal

A

stronger ligaments and tendons means that joints and more stable and less likely to have an injury of tendon

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22
Q

short terms of exercise - respiratory system

A

tidal volume - amount of air inhaled per breath
minute ventilation- amount of air inhaled and exhaled per minute
frequency - no. of breaths taken per minute
vital capacity - amount of exhaled air after a capacity inhalation = temperature and sweat rate increases

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23
Q

short terms of exercise - muscular system

A

lactic acid - as muscles temperature and lactate production increase this causes increased fatigue

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24
Q

short terms of exercise - cardio vascular system

A

-cardiac output - amount of blood pumped out per min
-number of beats per min will increase
-stroke volume increase
-cardiac output will also increase
-as there is a high volumes of blood pumping around blood pressure increase

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25
equations for cardiac output
cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate Q= SV x HR
26
what is plyometric training
a form of interval training using exercises against a resistance improves muscular endurance
27
What is weight training
high intensity explosive exercises where the muscles is lengthened and then rapidly shortened improves muscular strength
28
what is circuit training
performing a series of station with different exercises a form of interval training with rest between exercises perform each exercises set number of reps and sets. improves cardiovascular
29
What is continuous training
taking part in physical activity such as running or swimming for an extended period of time without rest improves cardio vascular
30
What is fartlek training
training continuously with no rest but with variety of speed incline and terrain improves cardio vascular
31
what is interval training
consists of periods of intense work followed by periods of rest improves speed
32
component of fitness - skill related
agility - ability to change direction at speed under control balance - ability to keep body steady both when static and moving coordination - ability to move 2 or more parts together power - ability to combine strength and speed reaction time - amount of time taken to respond to a stimulus speed - rate at which your body or part of body can perform a movement
33
components of fitness - health related
cardio vascular - ability to work the entire body for a long time without tiring muscular endurance - ability to work voluntary muscles repeatedly without tiring muscular strength - amount of force a muscle can exert to overcome resistance flexibility- range of movement possible at joint body composition - the % of the body that is muscles and fat
34
benefit to performance - doping
increase number of blood cells
35
benefit to performance - pain killers
allows performer to complete on injury
36
benefit to performance- stimulants
-improves concentration - increases energy
37
benefit to performance - beta blockers
-reduces heart rate - steadier hand
38
benefit to performance - anabolic steroids
-reduces recovery time between injury - increases muscle mass
39
benefit to performance- diuretic
increases weight loss by losing body fluid - urine
40
benefit to performance- testosterone
-reduces recovery time from injury’s - increases metabolism to burn fat - increase muscle mass
41
benefit to performance-EPO
increase number of red blood cells
42
consequence on health - doping
- kidneyfailure - risk of HIV - blood clot risk
43
consequence on health - painkillers
- addiction - lack of concentration - injury becomes worse
44
consequence on health - stimulants
- addiction - increase heart rate / blood pressure - aggression
45
consequence on health - beta blockers
heart attacks
46
consequence on health - anabolic steroids
- risk of liver damage - increase blood pressure increase aggression / depression
47
consequence on health- diuretic
- risk of dehydration - heart failure - kidney failure
48
consequence on health - testosterone
- risk of joint pain and muscle pain - risk of swelling
49
consequence on health - EPO
- thicker blood - heart attack
50
types of muscles - cardiac
- found only in heart - automatically contract or relax - electrical pulse
51
types of muscles - involuntary
- not under your control - automatically contract or relax - found in organ and blood vessel walls - involved in redistribution of blood
52
types of muscles - voluntary
- under your control - you chose when to contract or relax - connect to skeleton - involved in movement of body
53
bicep and triceps
this causes flexion/ extension at the elbow
54
Quadriceps and hamstrings
this causes flexion and extension at the knee
55
gluteals and hip flexors
this causes flexion and extension at the hip
56
Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius
this causes plantar flexion at the ankle
57
agonist and antagonist
agonist - muscles that shortens contracting muscle antagonist - the muscles that lengthens muscle is relaxing
58
vascular shunting
the redistribution of blood where blood is directed from inactive to active.
59
vasodilation
is the widening of lumen within blood vessels supplying oxygenated blood to active areas
60
vasoconstriction
is the narrowing of the lumen within blood vessels supplying oxygenated blood to inactive areas
61
cardio vascular functions - transport
carry’s o2 / glucose around body within body - body has energy it needs whilst removing waste
62
cardio vascular functions - temperature control
blood vessels lumen vasodilates , blood is cooled when closer to skin within body- body does not over heat causing confusion and headaches
63
cardio vascular functions - clotting
platelets stick together creating scabs and preventing infection and blood loss within the body- prevents common injuries becoming life threatening
64
plasma - 55%
water fluid that makes blood a liquid allowing to travel around body
65
white blood cells
fights disease and infections keeps athletes healthy
66
platelets -4%
heal wounds through scabs and blood clots prevent excessive blood loss and infection
67
red blood cells -41%
contain haemoglobin which binds with O2 and carries it around the body for aerobic exercise
68
health
state of complete physical mental and social well being
69
what is fitness
The ability to meet the demands of the environment
70
ligament
a fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
71
tendon
tissue that attaches a muscle to other body parts, usually bones
72
long term effect on exercise - cardio vascular system
staying fit increases the heart stroke volume

Revison (9 decks)

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