Pe Exam Revision

Question 1

Blood vessels, order and description

Answer 1

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

Question 2

Systemic systems, order

Answer 2

Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta. Blood travels to arterioles and capillaries.

Question 3

Pulmonary systems, order

Answer 3

Starts with vena cava bringing deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Blood flows from right atrium to the right ventricle through pulmonary artery.

Question 4

What is gas exchange?

Answer 4

Oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and then into the cells. Oxygen is exchanged for waste by the alveoli which travels through the lungs and is exhaled

Question 5

Mechanics inspiration

Answer 5

When lungs inhale, the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward. Simultaneously, the muscles in the ribs contract and pull upward

Question 6

Mechanics expiration

Answer 6

When the lungs exhale, the diaphragm contracts and pulls upward. The muscles contract and pull downward.

Question 7

Minute ventilation

Answer 7

The volume of air that we inhale and then exhale over the course of one minute

Question 8

V02 max

Answer 8

The largest volume of oxygen that the body can take and transport

Question 9

EPOC

Answer 9

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Question 10

Steady state

Answer 10

When the demand of oxygen meets the amount of oxygen supplied

Question 11

Oxygen deficit

Answer 11

When the demand for oxygen is greater than the supply of oxygen

Question 12

Stroke volume

Answer 12

The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle during each systolic contraction.

Question 13

Tidal volume

Answer 13

The volume of air that we inhale and then exhale in one breath

Question 14

Vasodilation

Answer 14

Widening of blood vessels

Transport oxygen and nutrients

Question 15

Vasoconstriction

Answer 15

Contracting of blood vessels

Removes waste

Question 16

Acute injuries

Answer 16

Occurs suddenly with little or no notice

Question 17

Chronic injuries

Answer 17

Associated with overuse of body over time

Question 18

Arteriovenous oxygen difference

Answer 18

Blood travels to working muscles in arteries, arteries become capillaries,
Oxygen is removed from the capillaries by myoglobin in the muscles to create ATP

Question 19

How is blood distributed around the body during exercise?

Answer 19

More blood is prioritised to go to the working muscles by the cardio respiratory system and less to other, non-working muscles

Question 20

What does EPO do?

Answer 20

Stimulates red blood cell growth
Synthetic version is available, but it is banned

Question 21

Function of alveoli

Answer 21

They are found at the end of the bronchioles and help with gas exchange in the lungs and the blood.

Question 22

How do you calculate ventilation

Answer 22

respiratory rate x tidal volume

Question 22

Outline the major differences in the gas content of inspired air compared to that of expired air

Answer 22

Inspired air is high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide. Expired air is high in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen.

Question 23

Incidental physical activity

Answer 23

Physical activity that occurs as a result of a more important task.

Question 23

Physical inactivity

Answer 23

People undertaking insufficient physical activity to achieve measurable outcomes

Question 23

Domains of physical activity

Answer 23

- Household chores - Active transport - Leisure time - Occupational

Question 23

Sedentary behaviour

Answer 23

Amount of time per day spent sitting or lying down

Question 24

Dimensions of physical activity

Answer 24

- frequency - intensity - type of activity - time

Question 25

2 methods for determining intensity

Answer 25

- talk test - heart rate

Question 26

2 physical benefits of PA

Answer 26

- improved cardiovascular function - resistance to fatigue

Question 27

2 social benefits of PA

Answer 27

- Decreased social isolation - Enhanced engagement

Question 28

Direct physical activity

Answer 28

A measure of how much physical activity an individual does

Question 29

Indirect physical activity

Answer 29

A measure of a population involved with physical activity

Question 30

Physical activity influences

Answer 30

- environment - gender - SES - self efficacy - cognitive -aging

Question 31

name the settings based approaches to physical activity promotion

Answer 31

- school - community places (church) - workplace

Question 32

Define tailoring in terms of physical activity promotion

Answer 32

To make physical activity completable based on someone's lifestyle

Question 33

Name 2 barriers to physical activity

Answer 33

- Feeling self-conscious - Lack of energy - Lack of money - Lack of time - Dislike of exercise - Geographic location

Question 34

Name 2 social barriers to physical activity

Answer 34

- No company - No safety - Isolation

Question 35

Name 2 cultural barriers to physical activity

Answer 35

- Increased chance of not being physically active enough - Any physical activity restricted to way of life - Lack of facilities - Low SES - Expectation of racism

Question 36

Physical activity and Sedentary Behaviour guidelines 5-17 years old

Answer 36

- children and young people do at least 60 minutes each day of moderate to vigorous physical activity - at least 3 days per week, children and young people should incorporate vigorous activities and activities that strengthen muscle and bone - reduce screen time and split up sitting breaks

Question 37

Physical activity and Sedentary Behaviour guidelines 18-64 years old

Answer 37

each week, either: - 2.5 to 5 hours of moderate intensity physical activity - 1.25 to 2.5 hours of vigorous intensity physical activity - reduce the time you spend sitting

Question 38

Physical activity guidelines 65+

Answer 38

- at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days. - reduce time sitting down

Question 39

YPAP

Answer 39

youth physical activity promotion

Question 40

What do reinforcing factors do?

Answer 40

Encourage physical activity. teachers, friends

Question 41

What are the four levels of social-ecological model?

Answer 41

1. assess policies 2. assess physical environment 3. assess social environment 4. individual factors 5. physical activity

Question 42

Physical activity definition

Answer 42

Any bodily movements done by the skeletal system which requires energy expenditure

Question 43

What do predisposing factors do?

Answer 43

impact decision making processes e.g. attitudes, enjoyment

Question 44

4 levels of evaluation

Answer 44

1. Formative 2. Process 3. Impact 4. Outcome

Question 45

Formative evaluation

Answer 45

Ongoing assessment of program, constantly trying to improve it.

Question 46

Process evaluation

Answer 46

Collect data about implementation of program, such as participant satisfaction

Question 47

Impact evaluation

Answer 47

Achievement of program goals

Question 48

Outcome evaluation

Answer 48

Measures changes that occurred as a result of the program

Question 49

What are enabling factors?

Answer 49

Enable someone to do physical activity - fitness -skills

Question 50

What are personal demographics?

Answer 50

Personal factors -age -gender

Question 51

MET values for different intensities

Answer 51

Sedentary: < - 1.6 Light: 1.7 - 2.9 Moderate: 3 - 6 Vigorous: 7+

Question 52

SMARTER

Answer 52

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound, Exciting, Rewarding