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PE Exam Stuff Flashcards

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1
Q

Framework outiline

A

Allows for upright posture-help fight gravity. Bones provide a solid framework for the body

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2
Q

Protection outline

A

Protection of vital organs such as heart, lungs and brain via rib cage and skull

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3
Q

Adequate body posture

A

Muscles are continually in a state of tone that gives them the ability to maintain upright posture when awake

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4
Q

Essential bodily functions

A

Involuntary muscles that function continuously and preserve our ongoing body needs

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5
Q

Role of ATP

A

Energy is contained in high energy bonds and is released when the bonds is broken. ATP is converted into ADP. All muscle contractions results from energy released during splitting of 3rd phosphate molecule

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6
Q

For contraction to continue beyond a time

A

ATP must be resynthesised

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7
Q

By products of ATP-CP

A

None

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8
Q

By products of anaerobic glycolysis

A

H+ ions fatiguing

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9
Q

By products of aerobic

A

CO2, water and heat

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10
Q

Recovery for ATP-CP

A

Passive: 50% in 30s
100%: 3-5 mins

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11
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis recovery

A

Active in order to increase oxygen to muscles

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12
Q

Aerobic energy system recovery

A

Active if anaerobic glycolysis system also contributed
Passive and eating glycogen if event was longer and slower

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13
Q

Anaerobic vs aerobic pathways

A

Anaerobic: low yield of ATP, doesn’t require 02, only resystnhesises ATP for a short duration, produces muscular fatiguing by-products e.g H+ ions

Aerobic: high yield of ATP, requires O2, can resynthesis ATP for long duration, cannot resynthesise ATP for high intensity efforts

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14
Q

Soft tissue

A

When connective tissue or muscle fibres cannot cope with the stress being placed on them or a joint is overextended

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15
Q

Soft tissue

A

When connective tissue or muscle fibres cannot cope with the stress being placed on them or a joint is overextended

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16
Q

Open wound

A

When the skin is damaged
Generally occurs via direct blow

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17
Q

Fracture structure injured

A

Bone

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18
Q

Dislocation structure injured

A

Joint

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19
Q

Possible cause fracture

A

Direct trauma to area e.g blow or indirect trauma e.g broken clavicle

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20
Q

Possible cause of dislocation

A

Excessive movement of a joint

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21
Q

Signs and symptoms of fractures

A

Pain, swelling, difficulty in moving

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22
Q

What injury damages both hard and soft tissue

A

Dislocation
Ligaments joint bone to bone and dliscation occurs at joint and involves forming joint being displaced

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23
Q

Signs and symptoms dislocation

A

Deformity, loss of movement, pain

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24
Q

Shin splits description

A

Pain felt anywhere along tibia from knee to ankle

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25
Signs and symptoms of shin splits
Initial pain: slight inflammation in muscles Over time: pain= constant and very uncomfortable
26
Osteitis pubis definition
Irritation and/or overuse of joint between pubic bones of the pelvis
27
Tennis/golfers elbow description
Swelling of tendons in elbow and arm
28
Signs and symptoms tennis/ golfers elbow
Recurring pain on outside of upper forearm Difficulty extending forearm
29
Arthritis definition
Inflammation of the joints in the body causing pain and stiffness
30
Osteoarthritis definition
Degernative condition resulting from overuse or ‘wear and tear’ of a joint, mostly affecting the weight bearing joints of the hip, knee or ankle Cartilage on ends of bones wear away causing the bones to rub together, creating pain and swelling
31
Risk factors osteoarthritis
1) physical inactivity 2)being overweight
32
Rheumatoid arthritis
Immune system attacks tissues lining the joints causing pain, swelling, irreversible damage and deformity Generally affects smaller joints of body such as hands and feet
33
Rheumatoid arthritis risk factors
1) smoking 2) being female 3) family history 4) increasing age
34
Back pain definition
Affects the bones, joints, tissues and nerves of the back
35
Risk factors of back pain
Poor posture, being overweight
36
Warmup benefits
Increases heart and respiratory rate which increases delivery of blood and oxygen to working muscles Increases temp of muscles t/f increases flexibility and range of motion and the joint and decreases risk of injury
37
General phase definition
Should include low-impact aerobic activities, such as jogging as well as stretching
38
Sport specific phase definition
Should include activities directly related to the muscles, joints and body parts about to be used in the activity
39
Benefits of a cool down/active recovery
1) prevent venous pooling (accumulation of blood in veins of the leg) 2) breaks down and removes lactic acid from blood 3) reduces potential for muscle soreness 4) allows body to return to its resting physiological state
40
To ensure that it is effective, important that all protective equipment..
-is worn during training and games -fits correctly - is specific and appropriate for the sport, size and age of athlete - os regularly checked and maintained
41
Rigid taping use
Used if athlete wants to restrict movement and normally used on joints such as ankles
42
Advantages of rigid taping
Reduces chance of injury, restricts potentially harmful movement, protect from further injury
43
Disadvantages of rigid taping
Irritation of skin, reduced circulation if too tight, loses elasticity over time and t/f less effective
44
Kinesiology taping description
Less restrictive taping that allows muscle support whilst not compromising range of motion Tape is not completely wrapped around the injured joint or muscle
45
Kinesiology taping advantages
Greater range of motion than rigid taping, ability to be worn for longer than rigid strapping tape
46
Kinesiology taping disadvantages
Expensive to purchase and needs to be applied by a professional e.g physiotherapist
47
Braces description
A garment that is worn around a joint to prevent I jury by restricting movement
48
Advantages of braces
Individual can put on brace by themselves rather than needing pro help, good quality braces can last longer and t/f be cheaper
49
Disadvantages of braces
Initial expense, bulky and affect movement
50
PNF involves
Must contract and push against resistance Muscle group to be stretched and is positioned so muscles are stretched and under tension
51
Direct observation descirption
Watching someone in person and taking notes
52
Advantages direct observation
Immediate feedback t/f quicker impact on game Easy to organize as less equipment requires
53
Disadvantages direct observation
Expertise required to do accurately and subjective t/f decreases accuracy
54
Indirect observation description
Recording the activity and watching back
55
Indirect observation advantages
More accurate as you can slow down video and pause Can be stored for future analysis
56
Indirect observation disadvantages
Access to equipment t/f limits who can use Time consuming
57
Movement patterns description and what it measures
Involves charting and recording on-field movement of players throughout a game Measures distances and intensities of player to determine predominant fitness components and energy systems used
58
Heart rate can be used to determine
Energy system demands
59
Work to rest ratio
Refers to amount of time a player is active compared to recovering
60
Work to rest ratio measures
Energy system usage
61
1:5 and above w:r ratio
CP system is most significant when working
62
1:4, 1:3 and 1:2
Aerobic glycolysis system
63
1:1 or 2:1
Aerobic system
64
Skill frequency table helps to determine
Fitness components and muscle groups required for a sport
65
Chemical pathway aerobic power
Aerobic
66
Muscular strength chemical pathway
ATP-cp and anaerobic glycolysis
67
Muscular endurance chemical pathway
Anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic
68
Flexibility chemical pathway
Dynamic: atp-cp Static: aerobic
69
Lab testing
Completed in a lab, more accurate, expensive, elite athletes, gives indivualised results E.g vo2 max test
70
Field testing
Inexpensive, readily avalibable, estimations or predictions, in class E.g 20m shuttle run test
71
Direct
Gives a direct indication/value e.g VO2 max test
72
Indirect
Based on predictive measures and equations linked to norms
73
Reliable
Test needs to be repliacted to produce consistent results e.g same conditions every time
74
Accuracy
Rules and guidelines must be strictly followed
75
Valid
The test needs to be a recognised way to measure the fitness component
76
Selecting tests
Need to replicate requirements of the sport
77
Order of tests in a fitness battery
Should be in an order that iminises impact on future tests Least fatiguing to most fatiguing and using alertanting body parts
78
Frequency for continuous
Maintain: 3/ week Improve: at least 4
79
Frequency fartlek training
Maintain:3 session/week Improve:at least 4
80
Fartlek training
Type of continuous training where efforts are performed at various intensities for a minimum duration of 20 minutes
81
Flexibility frequency
In every session at start and end

PE Exam Stuff (1 decks)

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