pe paper 2 key words

Question 1

fine skill

Answer 1

small muscle movements e.g. darts

Question 2

gross skill

Answer 2

large muscle movements e.g. tackle in rugby

Question 3

open skill

Answer 3

skills affected by the environment e.g. pass in football

Question 4

closed skill

Answer 4

skills not affected by the environment

Question 5

high organisational skill

Answer 5

skill has many sub-routines which are difficult to separate e.g. spin in dance

Question 6

low organisational skill

Answer 6

skills with sub-routines which are easy to separate and identify e.g. javelin throw

Question 7

discrete skill

Answer 7

clear beginning and end e.g. cartwheel

Question 8

serial skill

Answer 8

small elements which are put together to make a movement e.g. triple jump

Question 9

continuous skill

Answer 9

no obvious begging or end e.g. cycling

Question 10

self paced skill

Answer 10

performer controls the rate at which the skill is performed e.g. tennis serve

Question 11

externally paced skill

Answer 11

environment controls the rate of the skill e.g. start of 100m sprint

Question 12

simple skill

Answer 12

a skill that is straightforward and involves little decision making e.g. 100m sprint

Question 13

complex skill

Answer 13

skill that requires many decisions to be made and there are lots of stages to learn e.g. lay-up in basketball

Question 14

continuum

Answer 14

range or sliding scale between two extreme points

Question 15

positive reinforcement

Answer 15

reward stimulus is given when a desired response occurs

Question 16

negative reinforcement

Answer 16

stimulus is withdrawn when the desired response occurs

Question 17

punishment

Answer 17

giving a stimulus to prevent a response occurring

Question 18

encoding

Answer 18

conversion of information into codes (visual codes, auditory codes or semantic codes)

Question 19

motivation

Answer 19

the internal mechanisms and external stimuli which arouse and direct our behaviour

Question 20

group

Answer 20

a collection of people who share similar goals and interact with each other

Question 21

attribution

Answer 21

reasons we give ourselves for winning and loosing. attribution affects our future efforts and performance

Question 22

locus of control

Answer 22

the extent to which an outcome is under control

Question 23

self-serving bias

Answer 23

the tendency of performers to attribute success to themselves

Question 24

learned helplessness

Answer 24

belief that failure is inevitable

Question 25

mastery orientation

Answer 25

athlete assumes that success will be repeated and that failure will be improved upon

Question 26

aggression

Answer 26

intent to harm outside the rules of the sport event

Question 27

assertion

Answer 27

forceful behaviour within the rules of the event

Question 28

attitude

Answer 28

predisposition to act in a certain way towards some aspect of a persons environment

Question 29

anxiety

Answer 29

a negative emotional state associated with feelings of worry

Question 30

stress

Answer 30

perception of an inability to cope with demands

Question 31

arousal

Answer 31

the intensity of our behaviour or the amount of drive we experience to achieve something

Question 32

peak flow

Answer 32

used when performers achieve optimum performance levels (being in the zone)

Question 33

self confidence

Answer 33

belief in your ability to master a particular event or situation

Question 34

self efficacy

Answer 34

specific sports confidence

Question 35

positive transfer

Answer 35

occurs when learning of one skill benefits the learning of another

Question 36

negative transfer

Answer 36

occurs when the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another

Question 37

pro-active transfer

Answer 37

happens when a previously learnt skill influences the learning of a new skill e.g. knowledge of tennis could assist in learning badminton

Question 38

retro-active transfer

Answer 38

happens when the learning of a new skill influences a previously learnt skill e.g. learning to kick a football may affect how an individual then kicks a rugby ball

Question 39

bilateral transfer

Answer 39

transfer of learning from one side of the body to the other e.g. being able to do a smash in badminton with right hand as well as your left hand

Question 40

social facilitation

Answer 40

the positive influence of others who may be watching or competing, on a sports performer

Question 41

social inhibition

Answer 41

the negative influence of others who may be watching or competing, which leads to a decrease in sports performance