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A2 > Pe Revision > Flashcards

Pe Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Athletes diet:

BMI (4 marks)

A

Weight(kg) / height (m2)
27+ BMI means increased risk of health problems
Doesn’t account for muscle weighing more than fat
Trained athlete could have same BMI as untrained

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2
Q

Athletes diet:

Bioelectrical impedance (4 marks)

A

Sends weak electrical impulse through the body
Hand held device
Travels quickly through the muscle and slowly through fat
Calculates body fat % through the strength of the impulse

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3
Q

Athletes diet:

Skinfold Calipers (2 marks)

A

Measures subcutaneous fat

Various sites on the body to calculate body fat

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4
Q

Periodisation:

Definition

A

Training is organised into blocks of time (cycles) to prepare physically and psychologically for competition

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5
Q

Periodisation:

Preparation phase (4 marks)

A

Develop baseline fitness
General conditioning: endurance, strength, mobility
Quantity not quality
Competition focus - tactics and techniques to increase speed and intensity

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6
Q

Periodisation:

Competition phase (4 marks)

A

Refine skills in a competitive enviroment
Maintain fitness
Quality not quantity
Tapering - drop in intensity to prepare psychologically and physically for competition

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7
Q

Periodisation:

Transition phase (3 marks)

A

Between the end of one season and the start of another
Active rest
Maintain fitness

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8
Q

Periodisation:

Cycles - macro (3 marks)

A

Long term development plan
1 year for football
4 years for Olympic athletes

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9
Q

Periodisation:

Cycles - meso (2 marks)

A

Long term plan divided into smaller blocks
2-8 weeks long
E.g focus on speed

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10
Q

Periodisation:

Cycles - micro (2 marks)

A

One session a week

Increased detail on intensity and duration and volume and content

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11
Q

Periodisation:

Single periodisation (3 marks)

A

One peak
long term development
Increased intensity and duration of training

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12
Q

Periodisation:

Double periodisation

A

2 peaks

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13
Q

Periodisation:

Multiple periodisation (3 marks)

A

Many peaks
Increased frequent high intensity phases in training
To maintain intensity for elite athletes

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14
Q

Confidence and self efficacy:

Self efficacy (2 marks)

A

Situation specific confidence

Belief in own ability to succeed in a specific situation

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15
Q

Confidence and self efficacy:

Social facilitation (2 marks)

A

The influence of the presence of others affects performance

The presence of others increases arousal

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16
Q

Confidence and self efficacy:

Influence of self efficacy on performance (5 marks)

A 
Increase motivation
Positive attitude 
Decrease anxiety and stress
More likely to reach optimum performance
Decrease NAF, increase Nach
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17
Q

Confidence and self efficacy:

Social inhibition

A

The negative effect of others on performance

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18
Q

Confidence and self efficacy:

Self confidence (2 marks)

A

Belief in your own ability to succeed

Aspect of self esteem

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19
Q

Athletes diet:

Main Points (6 marks)

A

Carbohydrates to meet energy demands
Hydrated via drinking
Balanced diet
Avoiding processed foods
Fats for low/medium intensity, exercise and glycosparing
Fats for insulation and protection of vital organs

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20
Q

Glycoloading:

Supercompensation

A

Intake more glycogen than normal in order to delay fatigue

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21
Q

Glycoloading:

Dietary Manipulation

A

One week before competition, reduce carbohydrate intake to decrease glycogen stores
Take part in either high intensity training/ endurance to reduce stores of glycogen further
A few days before, increase glycogen intake and drink lots of water to aid digestion

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22
Q

Glycoloading:

Carbohydrate window

A

The day before the event high intensity exercise for 3 minutes
This opens the carbohydrate window
Eat lots of glycogen for the next 20 minutes
Consume more water to aid the process of digestion

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23
Q

Glycoloading:

Advantages

A

Delays fatigue
Increase glycogen source
Greater aerobic energy sources
Easy to manipulate your diet

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24
Q

Glycoloading:

Disadvantages

A

Heavy legs due to water retention
Tapering decreases fitness
Negatively effects metabolism

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25
Q

Plyometrics:

Knowledge

A

Aim - develop muscle elasticity, power and strength
Depth jump done by athletes of power

Stretch shortening cycle:

  • pre stretch reflex
  • amoitisation
  • muscle contractions
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26
Q

Plyometrics:

Benefits

A

Hyper trophy of muscle fibres
Increase muscle elasticity
Recruitment of more fast twitch fibres to motor units
Better coordination between fast twitch motor fibres

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27
Q

Plyometrics:

Advantages

A

Increase maximum muscle power
Increase muscle strength elasticity
Can be made sport specific

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28
Q

Plyometrics:

Disadvantages

A

Can cause chronic injuries e.g shin splints/Achilles tendons
Rupture tendons and ligaments
Damage vulnerable ankle and knee joints

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29
Q

Motivation:

Definition

A

Will or desire to learn or achieve

30
Q

Motivation:

Intrinsic

A

Drive comes from within the performer
Inner drive
E.g pride/satisfaction

31
Q

Motivation:

Extrinsic

A

Drive comes from outside the performer
Tangible - trophy/medal
Intangible - praise/encouragement

32
Q

Motivation:

What does drive reduction theory explain?

A

Why people give up:
Repetitive
Routine
Boring

Remotivated by:
Coach
Routine
Venue

33
Q

Lack of electrolytes

A

Irregular heart rhythm
Drowsiness
Cramp
Muscle fatigue

34
Q

Functions of electrolytes

A

Nerve impulses
Cell and organ functioning
Lost through sweating

35
Q

Definition of dehydration

A

When water levels fall below normal in the body

36
Q

Functions of water

A

Controls body temp
Carries o2 and nutrients to the muscles
Converts food into energy
Removes waste products

37
Q

Sport injuries:

Recovery

A 
Ice baths
Ultrasound knits muscle tissue and repairs it
Massage
Water based training
Oxygen tents
Hypo aria chambers
38
Q

Sport injuries:

Preventative measures

A 
Active warm up
Taping and support
Sports massage and rollers
Ice bath
Adequate recovery time
Don't perform eccentric contractions early in training
39
Q

Peak flow characteristics

A 
High level of confidence and self efficacy 
Emotional response is pleasure
Movement is effortless
In the zone full concentration 
Selective attention is good
40
Q

Questionnaire types

A

SCAT - sport competition anxiety test
STAI - state trait anxiety inventory
CSAI2 - common sport anxiety inventory

41
Q

Changing Attitudes:

Cognitive dissonance

A

Try to create conflict in the mind by altering a part of the triadic model
A - create feelings of fun and enjoyment to change emotional and feelings
B - reinforcement of actions when the required behaviour occurs
C- educate performer with new information

42
Q

Attitudes:

Predicting behaviour

A

Attitudes don’t always follow our feelings and thoughts
Other factors can influence attitude
Specific attitudes can predict specific behaviours
BUT the best predictor of behaviour is behavioural intention
Especially when situational factors are favourable

43
Q

Attitudes:

Developing approach behaviours

A 
Emphasise positive childhood experiences
Gradually increase the difficulty 
Increase self confidence and self efficacy
Avoid punishment 
Encourage feelings of pride
44
Q

Lewins Theory

A

B = f(Pe)
Behaviour is the function of personality and physical environment

Explains why people differently in the same situation and differently in different situations

45
Q

Drive theory

A

Everyone has a need to learn or achieve mastery
Inspire a drive to succeed
Complete an action to help succeed at the task
When we’ve achieved mastery we experience drive reduction to achieve the same outcome (Inhibition)

46
Q

Groups:

Ringleman effect

A

As group size increases individual effort and contribution decreases

47
Q

Groups

Groups characteristics

A 
Identity
Interpersonal relationships
Interaction between two or more people
Identical goals
Interdependent
48
Q

Groups:

Social loafing causes

A 
Social loafing - individuals lose effort and motivation
Individual effort goes unrecognised
Performer hides in a large group
Low fitness levels
Task has no meaning
Lack of understanding
Over reliant on teacher
Expect others to do the work
49
Q

Groups:

Strategies to prevent social loafing

A 
Decrease group size
Video analysis
Highlight individual effort
Increase fitness
Give more responsibility 
Ensure role clarity
50
Q

Groups:

Motivational losses

A

Motivation and effort increases
Confidence and concentration
Expect others to do the work
Social loafing occurs

51
Q

Groups:

Coordinational losses

A

Ringlemans effect
Interactive groups suffer more from this
Tactics technique and teamwork are poor
Skills interwoven into unity

52
Q

Leadership:

Fielders contingency model - unfavourable situations

A 
Unsupportive network
Poor equipment and facilities
High risk
Large group size
Leader is respected
High ability group
53
Q

World games:

Characteristics

A

Single sport
Multi-sport
High level athletes from all over the world
High media influence and highly commercialised
Elite but not professional for the olympics

54
Q

Contract to compete

A

An unwritten mutual agreement between all opponents
To strive to do their best within the rules
To give a fair opportunity for everyone to achieve the ultimate aim of winning

55
Q

Positive deviancy

A

Over adherence to the norms and values of society

Eg playing whilst injured

56
Q

Negative deviancy

A

Behaviour that goes against the norms and values of society often detrimental to the performers health
Eg taking drugs

57
Q

Law and sports protecting performers during a contest

A 
Duty of care
Trespassing in field of play
Employer rights
Liable actions
Equality act
Drug testing
58
Q

Arguments against testing in all sports

A

Can’t get a definitive list across all sports and countries
Expensive
Money better spent on education and campaigns for drug risks
Performer should have a right to choose
Unreliable - performer may get a negative image

59
Q

Mass

A

Measured in kg

Made of fat muscles tissue bone and skin

60
Q

Scalars

A

A force that has MAGNITUDE and size

61
Q

Vector

A

A forced that has DIRECTION and size

62
Q

Weight

A

Force given to mass as a result of gravity

63
Q

Velocity

A

Measured in ms-1

Rate of change in position with reference to direction

64
Q

Velocity equation

A 
Distance covered (m) 
-----------------------
Time taken (s)
65
Q

Acceleration

A

Rate of change in velocity

66
Q

Acceleration formula

A

Time taken (s)

67
Q

Momentum

A

Product of mass and velocity

Measured in Kgms-1

68
Q

Distance

A

The length of a path a body follows from one point to another

69
Q

Displacement

A

The length of a straight line joining the start and finish points

70
Q

Angular momentum equation

A

Angular velocity x moment of inertia

71
Q

Definition of projectile motion

A

The motion of a body/object moving through the air

72
Q

Hollanders model

A

Deep psychological core
Typical response
Role related behaviour
Social environment

A2 (4 decks)

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