PE SAC 2

Question 1

Food Fuels:

Chemical Fuels:

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein

ATP
Phosphocreatine (PC)

Question 2

Carbs
Fats
Proteins

Answer 2

Carbs → glycogen (muscles/liver)
Fats → triglycerides (adipose tissue)
Proteins → amino acids (muscles/blood).

Question 3

How long we can generally utilize glycogen for (event duration)

Answer 3

Fuels moderate - high intensity activity for up to 90–120 minutes

Question 4

PC – how much is replenished

CHO – after event you need to eat CHO

Answer 4

PC - 50% in 30 secs, 75% in 1 min, full in 5 mins.

Consuming CHO with protein post-exercise restores glycogen, supports muscle repair and growth.

Question 5

Fuel use fats vs carbohydrates

Answer 5

Carbs are preferred during exercise due to faster energy release and easier metabolism than fats.

Question 6

Relate food fuels to energy systems

Answer 6

ATP-PC uses PC
Anaerobic glycolysis uses carbohydrates
Aerobic system uses carbs, fats, proteins.

Question 7

What is the purpose of our energy systems?

Answer 7

Produce ATP for muscular contractions during movement, supporting exercise across all intensities.

Question 8

4 main factors determining energy system use

Answer 8

Intensity, duration, fuel availability, oxygen presence

Question 9

Stored ATP – amount, usage

Answer 9

Very limited (1–2 seconds), supports initial explosive movements before other systems activate.

Question 10

Examples of activities using each system

Answer 10

ATP-PC: shot put
Anaerobic: 400m sprint
Aerobic: marathon, cycling.

Question 11

Fuels used by each system

Answer 11

ATP-PC: phosphocreatine
Anaerobic: glycogen
Aerobic: glycogen, sometimes protein, during extended duration.

Question 12

Intensity each system supports

Answer 12

ATP-PC: maximal
Anaerobic: high
Aerobic: low to moderate

Question 13

Rate, yield of ATP production

Answer 13

ATP-PC: fastest, lowest yield
Anaerobic: fast, moderate yield
Aerobic: slowest, highest yield.

Question 14

Duration each system supports

Answer 14

ATP-PC: 0–10 seconds
Anaerobic: 10–60 seconds
Aerobic: 1 minute to hours

Question 15

By-products (fatiguing or not)

Answer 15

ATP-PC: none
Anaerobic: lactate, hydrogen ions (fatiguing)
Aerobic: water, carbon dioxide (non-fatiguing).

Question 16

Advantages, disadvantages of each system

Answer 16

ATP-PC: rapid, depletes fast
Anaerobic: quick, causes fatigue
Aerobic: efficient, slower output.

Question 17

Recovery type needed for each system

Answer 17

ATP-PC: passive
Anaerobic: active for lactate removal
Aerobic: either, depending on fatigue.

Question 18

Match intensity to correct system

Answer 18

Highest = ATP-PC
High = Anaerobic
Moderate/Low = Aerobic

Question 19

Use intensity/yield to identify system

Answer 19

High intensity, low yield = anaerobic
Low intensity, high yield = aerobic.

Question 20

Aerobic system replenishes PC

Answer 20

Aerobic system resynthesises phosphocreatine during rest using oxygen to restore ATP-PC system quickly.

Question 21

Body systems with acute responses

Answer 21

Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Muscular systems

Question 22

Why acute responses occur

Answer 22

Supply working muscles with oxygen, remove waste, and maintain homeostasis during exercise.

Question 23

Respiratory rate

Tidal volume

Ventilation

Answer 23

Breaths per min

Amount of air breathed in & out per breath

Amount of air breathed in per minute
Ventilation = respiratory rate × tidal volume

Question 24

Pulmonary DIffusion

Answer 24

Dilation of lung capillaries with thin alveolar moisture layer optimizes gas exchange by facilitating greater oxygen diffusion into blood and carbon dioxide removal into alveoli.

Question 25

Heart rate Stroke volume Cardiac output

Answer 25

Beats per min Max HR – 220 – age Blood pumped out left ventricle per contraction blood pumped out left ventricle per min

Question 26

Blood Pressure Venous return

Answer 26

Pressure from blood pumping into arteries Systolic BP – Pressure as LV is contracting Blood returning to heart via muscle, respiratory pump, venoconstriction.

Question 27

Motor unit

Answer 27

more motor units= higher force production of contraction (due to higher muscle fibres activated)

Question 28

Enzyme activity

Answer 28

Increases to produce more ATP in chemical pathways

Question 29

Muscle temperature

Answer 29

energy production increase= increase muscle temp muscle elasticity and flexibility, lowering injury risk Body sweats, countering heat, leading to fatigue as blood viscosity increases

Question 30

Energy substrates

Answer 30

ATP, CP, Glycogen and Triglycerides are substrates and deplete to provide energy to produce ATP.

Question 31

Metabolic by-products

Answer 31

Lactate, hydrogen ions, heat, CO₂ accumulate and can impair muscle function if not cleared.

Question 32

Avo2-Difference

Answer 32

Difference in concentration of oxygen in arterial blood compared to venous blood

Question 33

Oxygen Debt (EPOC)

Answer 33

Extra oxygen consumed after exercise restores PC stores removes by-products returns body to rest.

Question 34

LOOK AT OXYGEN GRAPH

Answer 34

.

Question 35

ATP-PC Fatigue Cause

Answer 35

PC depletion prevents rapid ATP resynthesis, energy must come from slower anaerobic glycolysis system.

Question 36

Anaerobic Glycolysis Fatigue Cause Aerobic System Fatigue Cause

Answer 36

H⁺ buildup lowers muscle pH, affects enzymes, and reduces contraction efficiency. Glycogen depletion increases fat use, but fat makes ATP slower, leading to fatigue and higher effort.

Question 37

Metabolic By-Product Accumulation

Answer 37

H⁺ ions inhibit enzymes, disrupt contractions, and cause fatigue during intense exercise.

Question 38

Glycogen Depletion Elevated Body Temperature

Answer 38

Limits carb use, slows ATP production, and increases fatigue in long endurance events. Reduced plasma volume increases dehydration, heart rate lowering cardiovascular efficiency and endurance.

Question 39

Neuromuscular Fatigue

Answer 39

Reduced neural signals and neurotransmitter depletion lower force, response time, and muscle efficiency

Question 40

LIP

Answer 40

point where lactate production exceeds removal indicating shift to greater anaerobic energy reliance. Important for endurance athletes maintaining high intensity efforts without fatiguing from excess lactate. Higher LIP- Allows longer high-intensity aerobic work delays fatigue improves performanc

Question 41

Lactate Tolerance Athletes Needing Lactate Tolerance Benefit of Lactate Tolerance

Answer 41

Ability to tolerate increased H⁺ ions delaying fatigue Basketballers perform repeated high-intensity efforts under acid buildup conditions. improves performance under pressure during repeated sprints high workloads demanding conditions.