PE unit 1 Anatomy & physiology

Question 1

What type of posture does a neutral spine give?

Answer 1

Good posture

Question 2

What is ossification?

Answer 2

cells that supply calcium to developing bones

Question 3

What are osteoblasts stimulated through?

Answer 3

exercise

Question 4

What is the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 4

The end of every long bone

Question 5

What is weight bearing?

Answer 5

bones will support the weight of your tissue mass

Question 6

What does reducing friction help with?

Answer 6

The skeleton makes up many different joints in the body and its synovial fluid

Question 7

What is a joint?

Answer 7

A place where two or more bones meet

Question 8

What is two or more bones meeting also known as?

Answer 8

Articulation

Question 9

What joint doesn’t move?

Answer 9

fixed joint

Question 10

what is an example of a fixed joint?

Answer 10

Plates in the cranium

Question 11

What do slightly moveable joints allow?

Answer 11

Slight movement

Question 12

What is an example of a slightly moveable joint?

Answer 12

vertebrae

Question 13

What is the most moveable joint?

Answer 13

synovial joint

Question 14

What is the synovial joint vital to?

Answer 14

Sporting actions

Question 15

What is an example of a synovial joint?

Answer 15

The knee joint

Question 16

what is the most common type of joint in the body?

Answer 16

Synovial joint

Question 17

What does cartilage prevent?

Answer 17

rubbing of joints

Question 18

What do tendons connect?

Answer 18

muscles to bones

Question 19

What does synovial fluid lubricate?

Answer 19

The joints allowing free movement

Question 20

What do ligaments link?

Answer 20

Bones to bones

Question 21

What do ball and socket joints allow?

Answer 21

movement in all directions

Question 22

What is an example of a ball and socket joint movement?

Answer 22

Shoulders and hips in a tennis serve

Question 23

What shape bone end do condyloid joints have?

Answer 23

oval shape bone end which fits into a similar shape

Question 24

What do condyloid joints allow?

Answer 24

small movement in all directions

Question 25

Where do gliding joints occur?

Answer 25

between the surfaces of two flat bones that are held together by ligaments

Question 26

What are a few example of a gliding joint?

Answer 26

Bones in your wrist and ankles as well as the spine

Question 27

What joints are saddle joints like?

Answer 27

Condyloid joints

Question 28

What shape are the surfaces of saddle joints?

Answer 28

concave and convex

Question 29

What is an example of a saddle joint?

Answer 29

bones at the base of the thumb

Question 30

Where is the anterior part of the knee?

Answer 30

front of knee

Question 31

Where is the posterior part of the knee?

Answer 31

back of knee

Question 32

Where is the medial part of the knee?

Answer 32

centre of knee

Question 33

where is the lateral part of the knee?

Answer 33

sides of the knee

Question 34

Where is the proximal part of the knee?

Answer 34

close to (the source)

Question 35

Where is the distal part of the knee?

Answer 35

away from (the source)

Question 36

Where is the superior part of the knee?

Answer 36

above the knee?

Question 37

Where is the inferior part of the knee?

Answer 37

below the knee

Question 38

What is Flexion?

Answer 38

decrease in angle at a joint

Question 39

What is extension movement?

Answer 39

Increase in angle (up to 180 degrees)

Question 40

What is rotation movement?

Answer 40

Movement around an axis

Question 41

What is circumduction movement?

Answer 41

conical movement

Question 42

What is adduction movement?

Answer 42

towards the midline

Question 43

What is abduction movement?

Answer 43

away from the midline

Question 44

What is hyper-extension movement?

Answer 44

over 180 degrees

Question 45

What is a flexion sporting example?

Answer 45

Tackling in rugby

Question 46

what is an extension sporting example?

Answer 46

elbow movement when throwing in shot put

Question 47

What is a rotation sporting example?

Answer 47

golf swing-hips and shoulder movement

Question 48

What is a circumduction sporting example?

Answer 48

serving in tennis

Question 49

What is an adduction sporting example?

Answer 49

swimming breaststroke

Question 50

What is an abduction sporting example?

Answer 50

backhand in tennis

Question 51

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 51

backwards bending and contraction of hand or foot

Question 52

What is an example of a dorsiflexion?

Answer 52

basketball free throw

Question 53

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 53

pointing of the toe

Question 54

what is an example of plantar flexion?

Answer 54

ballet dancers on tip toes

Question 55

what is an agonist?

Answer 55

the contracting muscle responsible for causing movement

Question 56

what is an antagonist?

Answer 56

the relaxing and lengthening muscle which allows the movement

Question 57

what is a fixator

Answer 57

muscles stabilise the joints stopping any unwanted movement at the origin

Question 58

what is a synergist?

Answer 58

muscles that support the agonists

Question 59

what is the agonist in elbow flexion?

Answer 59

bicep

Question 60

what is the antagonist in elbow flexion?

Answer 60

tricep

Question 61

what is the agonist in elbow extension?

Answer 61

tricep

Question 62

what is the antagonist in elbow extension?

Answer 62

bicep

Question 63

what is the agonist in horizontal movement?

Answer 63

pectorals

Question 64

What is the antagonist in horizontal movement?

Answer 64

the back

Question 65

what do fixator muscles stabilise?

Answer 65

joints stopping any unwanted movement at the joint

Question 66

what are the 4 types of muscular contraction?

Answer 66

isometric, isotonic, concentric, eccentric

Question 67

what is isometric contraction?

Answer 67

when the muscle contracts without lengthening or shortening

Question 68

what does isometric mean?

Answer 68

no movement

Question 69

what is an isometric example?

Answer 69

a scrum in rugby

Question 70

what is eccentric contraction?

Answer 70

when the muscle lengthens under tension

Question 71

what do working muscles produce?

Answer 71

heat

Question 72

What does pliable muscles mean?

Answer 72

less likely to suffer strains

Question 73

what does muscle hypertrophy mean?

Answer 73

increased size of muscle because of overload

Question 74

what does increased tendon strength mean?

Answer 74

connective tissue surrounding

Question 75

what is lactate build up?

Answer 75

uncomfortable sensation in muscles

Question 76

what is a micro tear?

Answer 76

resistance training involving weights will place the muscle under stress

Question 77

what is DOMS?

Answer 77

delayed onset muscular system

Question 78

what are the factors affecting the muscular system?

Answer 78

age, cramp

Question 79

how does age affect the muscular system?

Answer 79

reduce strength and power

Question 80

how does cramp affect the muscular system?

Answer 80

involuntary contraction of muscles can be prompted by exercise

Question 81

When do isotonic contractions occur?

Answer 81

When there's movement of the body

Question 82

What causes the isotonic contractions?

Answer 82

The ends of the muscles move closer together

Question 83

Where are cardiac muscles found?

Answer 83

In the heart wall

Question 84

What do cardiac muscles depend on?

Answer 84

oxygen

Question 85

What do cardiac muscles allow?

Answer 85

blood flow through the heart

Question 86

where are smooth muscles found?

Answer 86

internal organs, digestive tract, blood vessels and lungs

Question 87

what can smooth muscles work without?

Answer 87

oxygen

Question 88

what do smooth muscles help aid and distribute?

Answer 88

aid- digestion distribute - blood

Question 89

where are skeletal muscles found?

Answer 89

around the body