peace and conflict

Question 1

What are causes of war?

Answer 1

• religious conflict
• civil war - corrupt government
• land + resources
• self defence

Question 2

SOA against violence?

Answer 2

‘Blessed are the peacemakers, fore they shall be called the sons of God’ (Matthew/Sermon on the Mount)

Question 3

SOA for violence?

Answer 3

‘Is it not God who arms me? He shows me how to fight’ (Pslam)

Question 4

What is terrorism?

Answer 4

The ILLEGAL use of violence to cause fear + intimidation for political aims

Question 5

Extremism? Radicalisation?

Answer 5

Extremism - The holding of extreme or political views

Radicalisation - When a persons thinking becomes significantly different to the majority of people in a community

Question 6

Causes of terrorism?

Answer 6

• fight for independence/land
• destruction of culture/rights
• violation of religious freedom

-extremists may then use violence to address these issues!!

Question 7

Divergent attitudes towards terrorism?

Answer 7

ALL mainstream Christian denominations reject the use of violence/terror for finding solutions
* RCC- SOMETIMES just war is an appropriate response to terrorism
* COE - accepts use of lethal weapons as a last resort against terrorists
* QUAKERS - pacifists, wouldn’t accept any forms of violence

Question 8

Christian involvement in politics?

Answer 8

• Some believe God is sovereign, can be trusted - WRONG to be involved in politics
• Standing in as an MP/Voting as a way to serve God and effect change
  -i.e. voting for things that best fit the Christian values
• COE state church of England - Church has a role in law making, House of Lords, Monarch is the Defender of the Faith + must maintain the Church

Question 9

SOA against terrorism

Answer 9

‘Terrorism kills indiscriminately; it is gravely against justice and charity’ (Catholic Catechism)

Question 10

What is Just War? Name the three parts to just war.

Answer 10

Christian belief that war should be right or justified (by meeting certain criteria) - provides them a way of accepting war when ALL other options are exhausted

JUST AD BELLUM (justifications for war)
JUST IN BELLO (laws IN war)
JUST POST BELLUM (justice AFTER war)

Question 11

What are the criteria for just ad bellum?

there are 5 points!

Answer 11

• started by proper authority (e.g. head of state/government)
• reason must be just (e.g. to protect people)
• the war should result in good NOT evil
• must be a last resort
• force must be no more than necessary to win - i.e. war must be proportional

Question 12

Criteria for just in bello?

Answer 12

Ensures correct conduct is followed during war
* civillians should remain unharmed
* war should be proportional
* internationally agreed conventions of war MUST be obeyed

Question 13

Criteria for just post bellum?

Answer 13

Should help countries move towards peace in a POSITIVE WAY
* punish war criminals
* reinforce police + military in country where civil war has happened

Question 14

Christian beliefs towards just war?

Answer 14

• War isn’t easily justified - ALL CHURCHES believe global community should do everything to ensure nations coexist peacefully
• Christians have responsibility to pray for leaders of countries + those involved in the war

Question 15

What is holy war?

Answer 15

War as necessary for a HOLY REASON (religious beliefs)
-believed to be fought on the behalf of God + with his support

Question 16

Three elements to holy war?

Answer 16

• Declared by religious authority (e.g. Pope)
• Achievement is a religious goal
• Promise for a spiritual reward for those who take part

Question 17

Example of holy war in the past?

Answer 17

The Crusades - Christians trying to reclaim Holy Land of Jerusalem from the Muslims
-participated out of obedience to the reigning popes

Question 18

Example of holy war in the present (sorta) ?
What was the issue surrounding this alleged holy war?

Answer 18

• 2003 war between USA and Iraq -President George W. Bush, God-given mission to bring peace to the Middle East, security for Israel + a state for the Palestinians
  -fundementalist American Christians support that this was a holy war in effect
• Reverend Barry Lynn - ‘US soldiers are not Christians crusaders, and they ought not be depicted as such’
  -i.e. Problematic as can be percieved as an act of agression against an Islamic nation, fuels conflict between faiths. President Bush NOT a religious leader, cannot declare it as a holy war

Question 19

SOA for holy war?

Answer 19

‘Then the Lord said to Joshua, “…Take the whole army with you…For I have delivered into your hands the king of Ai, and his land’ (Joshua)

“delivered into your hands” - take control of something

Question 20

SOA for just war?

CAN BE USED ANYWHEREEE

Answer 20

‘Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you’ (Matthew)

i acc dk if this applies to just war but idc im so tired bro

Question 21

Three types of warfare?

IW ANNA GO TO SE]LEEP WAAAAA

Answer 21

Conventional - traditional war, regular weapons, sea land and air

Apocalyptic - weapons of mass destruction

Technological - modern tech i literaltl dont care anymore

Question 22

Attitudes towards apocalyptic warefare?
(soa from the pope here)

Answer 22

• ‘It is impossible to concieve of a just war in a nuclear age’ (Pope John XXIII)
• Methodist Church opposed to weapons of mass destruction - chemical, biological, nuclear

Question 23

SOA against apocalytic warefare?

Answer 23

‘they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds…and over all creatures that move along the ground’ (Genesis)

-Christians have the obligation to protect/be stewards of creation

Question 24

SOA for upholding justice/war for defence?

Answer 24

‘Defend the weak and fatherless; uphold the cause of the poor and opressed’ (Pslam)

Question 25

Attitudes towards technological warfare?

Answer 25

Problem of unmanned drones: * attacks can be **carried out remotely** * **reduce human awareness** of war, seperation of conciousness * **one side** of the war **no human losses**

Question 26

What is absolute pacifism? What is conditional pacifism?

Answer 26

ABSOLUTE - violence = wrong, there should always be another way to solve problem without it CONDITIONAL - if consequences of war are less bad than not doing it, supported by *Anglican and RCC*

Question 27

Three denominations that support absolute pacifism?

Answer 27

* Quakers * Brethen * Amish

Question 28

What is reconcilitation?

Answer 28

The act of repairing ones relationship with God, only possible through Jesus' sacrifice

Question 29

Wat does Paul, in Romans, teach about revenge?

Answer 29

'Do not take revenge, my dear friends, but leave room for God's wrath' (**Romans**)

Question 30

What is social justice? Christian views on social justice?

Answer 30

Justice in terms of **equal distribution** of wealth, oppurtunities and **privileges within society** -ALL Christians opposed to social injustice, believe every human has equal value in the eyes of God

Question 31

How might a Christian work towards social justice/peace?

Answer 31

* Engage in **humanitarian work** in areas affected by war * Buy from **ethical companies** (e.g. Fairtrade) * **Support work of charities** and groups that work for justice (e.g. Salvation Army)

Question 32

What is the liberation theology? What might a Christian do because of it?

Answer 32

* **God has the power to change situations in the world that are unjust** * Christians may feel it right to stand up to corrupt goverments, take part in peaceful protests

Question 33

SOA for justice?

Answer 33

'Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne' (**Pslam**)